不同农事操作技术对稻田害虫和天敌种群动态的影响 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 通过分析常规稻作田、稻虾共作田和香根草Vetiveria zizanioides诱集田3种农事操作技术对水稻害虫及其天敌种群动态的影响,为湖北地区新型绿色农事操作技术防控田间害虫、天敌保育和稻田有害生物可持续治理策略提供重要依据。【方法】 在水稻抽穗期,采用目测法、扫网法、盆拍法、剥查法对3种农事操作稻田（常规稻作田、稻虾共作田和香根草）内害虫（稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻螟虫）和天敌进行搜集和统计。【结果】 香根草诱集田内稻飞虱种群数量显著低于稻虾共作田（P<0.05）,常规稻作田间稻叶蝉、稻螟虫种群数量显著高于稻虾共作田和香根草诱集田数量（P<0.05）;3种农事操作技术下稻田间天敌种类主要以捕食性天敌蜘蛛类、草蛉类、黑肩绿盲蝽Crytorrhinus lividipennis和青翅隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes为主。其中,稻虾共作田和香根草诱集田拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata、拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus和黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis种群数量显著高于常规稻作田（P<0.05）。【结论】 香根草稻作田间稻叶蝉、稻螟虫种群数量显著低于常规稻作田,稻虾共作田间稻叶蝉、稻飞虱种群数量显著低于常规稻作田;3种农事操作技术下稻田间天敌种类主要以捕食性天敌蜘蛛类、草蛉类、黑肩绿盲蝽为主。

关键词: 农事操作技术, 稻虾共作, 香根草, 水稻害虫, 天敌群动态

Abstract:

[Objectives] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three rice farming methods; conventional rice paddies, and those with either shrimp farms or co-planted with Vetiveria zizanioides), on the population dynamics of rice pests and their natural enemies, in order to help prevent and control pest outbreaks and conserve natural enemy populations in paddy fields. [Methods] Visual inspection, net sweeping, pot-patching and stripping, were used to collect and count rice pests (rice planthoppers, rice leafhoppers and rice borers) and their natural enemies (rice spiders, grass midges, Crytorrhinus lividipennis and Paederus fuscipes), during the rice heading stage. [Results] Significantly fewer rice planthoppers were observed in paddy fields co-planted with V. zizanioides than conventional rice paddies, or rice paddies with shrimp farms (P<0.05). Significantly higher numbers of rice leafhoppers and rice borers were found in conventional rice paddies relative to those with V. zizanioides or shrimp farms (P<0.05). The natural enemies of rice pests were spiders, grass midges, C. lividipennis and P. fuscipes. Significantly higher numbers of P. pseudoannulata, Pirata subpiraticus and C. lividipennis were found in paddies co-planted with V. zizanioides, or with shrimp farms, than conventional paddies (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Significantly fewer rice leafhoppers and rice borers were observed in paddies co-planted with V. zizanioides and with shrimp farms than conventional paddies.

Key words: farming technology, rice-shrimp co-cultivating, Vetiveria zizanioides, rice pests, population dynamics of natural enemies

李雪梅, 郑晓旭, 何帅洁, 杨凤连, 吴刚. 不同农事操作技术对稻田害虫和天敌种群动态的影响 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1): 105-112.

Xue-Mei LI, Xiao-Xu ZHENG, Shuai-Jie HE, Feng-Lian YANG, Gang WU. Effects of different farming technologies on the population dynamics of pests and their natural enemies in rice fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 105-112.

图/表 8

表1 3种农事操作技术下水稻害虫和天敌的种群数量（平均数±标准差）

Table 1 Population dynamics of rice pests and natural enemies under three farming technologies (mean±SD)

农事操作技术 Farming technologies	稻田节肢动物 Ricefield arthropods
农事操作技术 Farming technologies	水稻害虫 Rice pests	蜘蛛类 Spiders	天敌总数 Natural enemies
常规稻作田 Conventional rice	1 289.53±383.5 a	900.45±349.8 a	1 111.7±388.2 b
稻虾共作田 Rice-crayfish field	711.5±262.3 b	1 356.2±410.4 a	1 734.2±400.2 a
香根草诱集田 V. zizanioides rice	422.4±209.5 b	1 311.8±419.0 a	1 812.0±420.6 a

图1 常规稻作下害虫、蜘蛛类和天敌的种群数量柱上标有不同字母表示不同调查时间的显著性差异（P<0.05）。下图同。

Fig. 1 Numbers of pests, spiders and natural enemies in conventional ricefield Histograms with different letters indicate significant difference at different survey times (P < 0.05). The same below.

图2 稻虾共作处理下害虫、蜘蛛类和天敌的种群数量

Fig. 2 Numbers of pests, spiders and natural enemies in rice-crayfish ricefield

图3 香根草诱集处理下害虫、蜘蛛类和天敌的种群数量

Fig. 3 Numbers of pests, spiders and natural enemies in Vetiveria zizanioides ricefield

图4 3种农事操作处理式下稻飞虱的种群动态

Fig. 4 Population dynamics of rice planthopper in three farming technologies

图5 3种农事操作处理式下稻叶蝉的种群动态

Fig. 5 Population dynamics of rice leafhoppers in three farming technologies

图6 3种农事操作处理式下稻螟虫的种群动态

Fig. 6 Population dynamics of rice borers in three farming technologies

表2 3种农事操作处理下主要天敌的种群动态（平均数±标准差）

Table 2 Population dynamics of spiders in three farming technologies (mean±SD)

天敌种类 Spider species	农事操作技术Farming technologies
天敌种类 Spider species	常规稻作田 Conventional rice	稻虾共作田 Rice-crayfish field	香根草诱集田 V. zizanioides rice
拟环纹豹蛛 P. pseudoannulata	300.15±124.78b	511.37±172.22ab	589.18±216.82a
拟水狼蛛 Pirata subpiraticus	222.33±108.92b	311.27±116.80ab	422.43±182.26a
草间小黑蛛 Erigonidium graminicolum	144.52±77.96a	211.22±98.18a	111.17±108.92a
八斑球腹蛛 Theridion octomaculatum	77.82±77.98a	88.93±80.78a	77.82±77.98a
综管巢蛛 Clubiona japonicola	77.82±50.21a	133.40±94.33a	66.70±59.66a
四点亮腹蛛 Singa pygmaea	55.58±50.21a	100.05±69.96a	44.47±54.46a
黑肩绿盲蝽 C. lividipennis	88.93±80.78b	222.33±116.80a	211.22±98.18ab
青翅隐翅虫 P. fuscipes	66.70±59.66a	77.82±77.98a	100.05±69.92a
黑脊蟌 C. calamorum	0.00±0.00b	33.35±55.81ab	66.70±59.66a
草蛉 C. albolineata	55.58±50.21ab	44.47±54.46b	122.28±50.21a

参考文献 19

[1]	Chen QZ, Yang SD , 2001. Integrated control of rice diseases and insect pests and the combination of agricultural industrialization. Hubei Agricultural Science, ( 3):36-37.
	[ 陈其志, 杨盛棣 , 2001. 水稻病虫害综合防治与农业产业化经营结合的探讨. 湖北农业科学, ( 3):36-37.]
[2]	Cheng JA , 2009. Rice hopper problems intensify in China. http://ricehoppers.net/2009/01/01/ricehopper-problems--intensify-in-china.
[3]	Han Y , 2015. Evaluation of potential risk of Bt transgenic insect- resistant rice to major natural enemies of brown planthopper. Doctoral dissertation. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University.
	[ 韩宇 , 2015. 转Bt基因抗虫水稻对褐飞虱主要天敌的潜在风险评价. 博士学位论文. 武汉: 华中农业大学.]
[4]	Jiang WH , 2011. Study on drug resistance and comprehensive control of borer. Doctoral dissertation. Nanjing: Nanjing agricultural university.
	[ 姜卫华 , 2011. 二化螟的抗药性及综合防治研究. 博士学位论文. 南京: 南京农业大学.]
[5]	Jiang XH, Zhang QH, Hu SM, Xie SJ, Xu XG , 2001. The status of pesticide resitance of rice stalkborer in Zhejiang province and their management tactics. Plant Protection Technology and Promotion, 21(3):27-29.
	[ 蒋学辉, 章强华, 胡仕孟, 谢士杰, 徐喜刚 , 2001. 浙江省水稻二化螟抗药性现状与治理对策. 植保技术与推广, 21(3):27-29.]
[6]	Li C , 2015. Effects of irrigation on rice yield and the dynamics of main natural enemies and pests. Master dissertation. Changsha: Hunan agricultural university.
	[ 李超 , 2015. 灌溉方式对水稻产量及主要天敌、害虫消长动态的影响. 硕士学位论文. 长沙: 湖南农业大学.]
[7]	Liang Q , 2015. Mechanism of action and application of vetifloras on induction and killing of rice borer. Doctoral dissertation. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University.
	[ 梁齐 , 2015. 香根草对水稻大螟诱杀的作用机制及应用研究. 博士学位论文. 杭州: 浙江大学.]
[8]	Lou YG, Zhang GR, Zhang WQ, Hu Y, Hu Y, Zhang J , 2013. Biological control of rice insect pests in China. Biological Control, 67(1):8-20.
[9]	Lv J, Zhu ZR, Lou YG, Chen JA , 2013. Dialysis on rice planthopper infestation and management. Chinese Journal of Appplied Entomology, 50(3):565-574.
	[ 吕进, 祝增荣, 娄永根, 程家安 , 2013. 稻飞虱灾变和治理研究透析. 应用昆虫学报, 50(3):565-574.]
[10]	Lu YH, Gao GC, Zheng XS, Lv ZX , 2017a. The lehal mechanism of trap plant Vetiveria zizanioides against the larvae of Chilo suppressalis. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50(3):486-495.
	[ 鲁艳辉, 高广春, 郑许松, 吕仲贤 , 2017 a. 诱集植物香根草对二化螟幼虫致死的作用机制. 中国农业科学, 50(3):486-495.]
[11]	Lu YH, liang Q, Zheng XS, Wang GR, Lv ZX , 2017b. Effects of the vetiver grass Vetiveria zizanioides on the activities of detoxification enzymes and acetylcholinesterase in the pink stem borer Sesamia inferens larvae. Plant Protection, 43(6):123-126.
	[ 鲁艳辉, 梁齐, 郑许松, 王国荣, 吕仲贤 , 2017b. 诱杀植物香根草对稻蛀茎夜蛾幼虫解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响. 植物保护, 43(6):123-126.]
[12]	Ma FG , 2017. Investigation on the occurrence of rice pests and their natural enemies in Hubei province under the new planting mode. Master dissertation. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University.
	[ 马富岗 , 2017. 新种植模式下湖北省水稻害虫及其天敌发生动态调查. 硕士学位论文. 武汉: 华中农业大学.]
[13]	Sōgawa K , 2003. The rice brown planthopper: Feeding physiology and host plant interactions. Annual Review of Entomology, 27:49-73.
[14]	Song L, Zhang JP, Han XL, Xu JR , 2011. Aanlysis of breeding situation and countermeasures of procambarus clarkia. Journal of Changshu Institute of Science and Technology, 25(2):85-87.
	[ 宋亮, 张建平, 韩晓磊, 徐建荣 , 2011. 克氏原螯虾养殖现状及对策. 常熟理工学院学报, 25(2):85-87.]
[15]	Wan SH, Tian YB , 2019. Research progress on high yield cultivation and nutrient management of rice in Hubei province. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 58(17):9-12.
	[ 万淑红, 田应兵 , 2019. 湖北省水稻高产栽培及养分管理研究进展. 湖北农业科学, 58(17):9-12.]
[16]	Wei Z, Hu W, Lin QS, Cheng XY, Tong MJ, Zhu LL, Chen RZ, He GC , 2009. Understanding rice plant resistance to the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens): A proteomic approach. Proteomics, 9(10):2798-2808. URL pmid: 19405033
[17]	Zhang Y, Wang BJ, Han P, Han ZJ , 2014. Comparison of methods for testing insecticide resistance in Chilo suppressalis and the resistance monitored. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 37(6):37-43.
	[ 张扬, 王保菊, 韩平, 韩召军 , 2014. 二化螟抗药性检测方法比较和抗药性监测. 南京农业大学学报, 37(6):37-43.]
[18]	Zheng XS, Xu HX, Chen GH, Wu CX, Lv ZX , 2009. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of Sudan grass and vetiver as insect attractor on rice field borer population. China Biocontrol, 25(4):299-303.
	[ 郑许松, 徐红星, 陈桂华, 吴降星, 吕仲贤 , 2009. 苏丹草和香根草作为诱虫植物对稻田二化螟种群的抑制作用评估. 中国生物防治, 25(4):299-303.]
[19]	Zhong PS, Xie XF, Zhong ZF , 2010. Study on pest community structure in organic rice fields. Hubei Agricultural Science, 49(11):2787-2789.
	[ 钟平生, 谢小峰, 钟振芳 , 2010. 有机稻田害虫群落结构的研究. 湖北农业科学, 49(11):2787-2789.]