化学农药与二化螟盘绒茧蜂对控制二化螟的不相容 *
应用昆虫学报

应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(4): 921-929 doi: 10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.094

研究论文

化学农药与二化螟盘绒茧蜂对控制二化螟的不相容 *

何馥晶,1,**, 朱凤2, 严卫飞1, 陆明星,1,***, 杭三保1, 杜予州,1,***

1. 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州大学应用昆虫研究所,扬州 225009

2. 江苏省植物保护植物检疫站,南京 210036

The incompatibility of using both insecticides and Cotesia chilonis to control Chilo suppressalis in the field

HE Fu-Jing,1,**, ZHU Feng2, YAN Wei-Fei1, LU Ming-Xing,1,***, HANG San-Bao1, DU Yu-Zhou,1,***

1. School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

2. Jiangsu Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Nanjing 210036, China

通讯作者: *** E-mail：yzdu@yzu.edu.cn;E-mail：lumx@yzu.edu.cn

**第一作者First author,E-mail： 827848101@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-05-2   接受日期: 2020-06-10   网络出版日期: 2020-07-27

基金资助: *国家重点研发计划.  2017YFD0201000
“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目.  NY-088
江苏省第五期“333工程”项目.  BRA2019314

Corresponding authors: *** E-mail：yzdu@yzu.edu.cn;E-mail：lumx@yzu.edu.cn

Received: 2020-05-2   Accepted: 2020-06-10   Online: 2020-07-27

摘要

【目的】 近年来,多个地区二化螟 Chilo suppressalis（Walker）发生危害加重,对水稻生产造成新的重大威胁。由于水稻二化螟对常规防治药剂产生了抗药性,二化螟盘绒茧蜂 Cotesia chilonis (Munakata) 作为田间二化螟幼虫的优势寄生蜂,正逐渐引起大家关注。本论文通过研究室内繁殖的二化螟盘绒茧蜂对田间二化螟的防治效果,以探明室内繁殖的二化螟盘绒茧蜂的防控能力;同时研究多种环境友好型农药对田间二化螟的防治效果,并分析比较药剂防治对二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生控制的影响。【方法】 设置2个放蜂密度和7种不同药剂处理,通过全查法系统调查不同处理小区的枯心数、白穗数、枯孕穗数、残留活虫数等变化以分析比较防效。【结果】 2个放蜂密度（125头蜂茧和250头蜂茧）处理下都可有效减少二化螟对水稻的为害;但2个放蜂密度之间无显著性差异。同时,放蜂密度高,寄生率就高。药剂实验结果发现溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂防效最佳,氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和苏云金杆菌悬浮剂次之,杀虫双的防效最差。不同剂量的溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂防治效果也有较大差异。此外,放蜂处理的小区二化螟盘绒茧蜂具有最高的寄生率,但无论那种农药处理都显著降低了二化螟被二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生的寄生率。【结论】 二化螟盘绒茧蜂在田间对水稻二化螟具有一定的防控能力,但放蜂密度和技术仍然需要进一步研究。同时,所试验的7种杀虫剂均显著降低了二化螟绒茧蜂的控害效能,与释放二化螟绒茧蜂不兼容。在水稻二化螟药剂防治时不仅要考虑防治效果和使用剂量,还应考虑对天敌以及生态环境的影响。因此,本实验的结果为后续建立以二化螟盘绒茧蜂为中心的二化螟绿色防控体系提供了理论和实践基础。

关键词： 二化螟 ; 二化螟盘绒茧蜂 ; 防控 ; 农药 ; 寄生率

Abstract

[Objectives] Increasing crop damage by Chilo suppressalis (Walker) in recent years poses a major threat to rice production. Due to the resistance of C. suppressalis to multiple pesticides, the parasitic wasp Cotesia chilonis is gradually becoming more popular as a biological control for the larvae of C. suppressalis in the field. The aim of this study was to clarify the ability of insectary-reared C. chilonis to control C. suppressalis in the field, and investigate the effects of various environmentally-friendly pesticides on both C. suppressalis and C. chilonis. [Methods] The number of dead heart leaves, white ears and dead boot stages of rice, and the number of live C. suppressalis larvae, following releases of two different densities (125 and 250 cocoons) of C. chilonis and seven different pesticide treatments, was quantified and to compared. [Results] Both densities of C. chilonis reduced C. suppressalis damage to the rice plants; there was no significant difference between the two densities of C. chilonis in this respect, although more C. suppressalis were parasitized after the higher density of C. chilonis were released. Among the different pesticide treatments, cyantraniliprole was the best, followed by chlorantraniliprole, and Bacillus thuringiensis and dimehypo were the worst. There were also large differences in the effectiveness of different doses of cyantraniliprole. The high parasitic rate was found where C. chilonis was released but all pesticide treatments significantly reduced the number of C. suppressalis larvae parasitized by C. chilonis. [Conclusion] C. chilonis can effectively control C. suppressalis in the field, but the optimal density and methodology of releasing C. chilonis requires further investigation. Although C. suppressalis were parasitized by C. chilonis where the later were released, all seven insecticides tested significantly reduced the proportion of C. suppressalis that were parasitized, indicating that the use of these pesticides is incompatible with the release of C. chilonis as a biological control. The control of C. suppressalis should consider not only the pesticide dosages required to control this pest, but also potential pesticide damage to its natural enemies and the environment as a whole. The results of this experiment provide both a theoretical and practical basis for the subsequent establishment of a more environmentally-friendly strategy for controlling C. suppressalis based on the use of C. chilonis as a biological control.

Keywords： Chilo suppressalis ; Cotesia chilonis ; control ; pesticide ; parasitic rate

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何馥晶, 朱凤, 严卫飞, 陆明星, 杭三保, 杜予州. 化学农药与二化螟盘绒茧蜂对控制二化螟的不相容 *. 应用昆虫学报[J], 2020, 57(4): 921-929 doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.094

HE Fu-Jing, ZHU Feng, YAN Wei-Fei, LU Ming-Xing, HANG San-Bao, DU Yu-Zhou. The incompatibility of using both insecticides and Cotesia chilonis to control Chilo suppressalis in the field. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology[J], 2020, 57(4): 921-929 doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.094

水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalis隶属鳞翅目、螟蛾科、禾草螟属,是螟蛾科钻茎害虫中危害最为严重的害虫之一,广泛分布于亚洲、北非和南欧地区,在中国南部和北部均有为害（Lu et al.,2013;Luo et al.,2014）。水稻二化螟在我国一年发生1-5代,在扬州地区一年发生2-3代（Lu et al.,2013）。近年来,水稻二化螟除在原发生区危害呈上升趋势外,也正逐步向北扩散（陆明星等,2014;刘景波等,2019）。据全国农业技术推广服务中心预计,2020年江南、西南北部、长江中游稻区二化螟为害总体重于2019年,为偏重发生、局部大发生。因此,水稻二化螟的防治形势依然严峻。目前在农业生产中,化学防治仍然是二化螟的主要防治手段（常菊花和何月平,2016）。由于化学农药的长期使用,二化螟已对一些常用的化学农药,如杀虫单（双）、氟虫腈、三唑磷、毒死蜱等产生了中到高水平的抗药性（He et al.,2013;常菊花和何月平,2016;赵丹丹等,2017）;而且化学农药的使用不当还会造成药害、人畜中毒、农药残留以及环境污染等问题。因此,许多学者对防治二化螟的新方法进行了探索（杭德龙等,2011;洪勇,2015）,二化螟的生物防治就是其中之一。

二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis（Munakata）隶属膜翅目、茧蜂科、盘绒茧蜂属,其寄主专化性强,是水稻二化螟幼虫期的优势寄生蜂,在自然界对水稻二化螟越冬代幼虫的寄生率可高达90%（杭杉葆等,1979;潘丹丹,2018）。因此,作为二化螟的一种重要寄生性天敌,利用其防控田间二化螟具有一定的应用价值（何俊华等,1979;Pan et al.,2018;Li et al.,2019）;而有关室内规模化繁殖二化螟盘绒茧蜂用于田间防治二化螟至今未见报道。

本研究通过设置2个放蜂密度初步探讨二化螟盘绒茧蜂对水稻二化螟的田间防控效能。同时,以几种常用的化学药剂作为参照,分析他们对二化螟的防治效果以及药剂对二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生控制作用的影响,为后续建立以二化螟盘绒茧蜂为中心的二化螟绿色防控体系提供重要的科学依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

1.1.1 试验地点 试验地选自扬州仪征市月塘镇的有机水稻田,面积约为1 200 hm2,并保证在6月上旬同时种植同一水稻品种（丰优香占）,此外在水稻生育期间不施用其它化学农药防治其它病虫和杂草。

1.1.2 试验虫源 试验中使用的二化螟盘绒茧蜂采自田间,并以养虫室内饲养的4龄二化螟幼虫为寄主寄生繁殖,收集即将羽化的二化螟盘绒茧蜂蜂茧用于田间放蜂试验。

1.1.3 试验药剂 沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂：25%杀虫双水剂,推荐用量375-937.50 a.i.g/ hm2,安徽华星有限公司。

大环内酯类杀虫剂：1.8%阿维菌素乳油,推荐用量450-600 mL/hm2,山东惠民中联生物科技有限公司。

有机磷类杀虫剂：40%毒死蜱乳油,推荐用量750-1 500 mL/hm2,安徽华星有限公司。

酰胺类杀虫剂：200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂,推荐用量75-150 mL/hm2,杜邦公司。

双酰胺类杀虫剂：19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂,推荐用量150-225 mL/hm2,杜邦公司。

生物杀虫剂：400 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂,推荐用量1 500-2 250 mL/hm2,湖北禾泰农化有限公司。

1.2 试验方法

1.2.1 放蜂处理 在田间试验区设置10个小区,每小区面积36.6 m2（6.05 m × 6.05 m）。8月16日在试验区设2个放蜂密度处理,放蜂密度分别为二化螟盘绒茧蜂125头蜂茧/小区和250头蜂茧/小区,每个处理4个重复,并在不同密度的放蜂区内各取一个小区不放蜂作为对照。试验小区按照完全随机区组试验设计,在处理区内的二化螟为害形成枯心团时（此时的二化螟幼虫为4龄及以上虫龄）,将一个用硬塑料板围成的自制简易放蜂器插在枯心团的中央区域,并将很快就要羽化的二化螟盘绒茧蜂蜂茧置于放蜂器内;放蜂时间在上午9:00左右进行。

1.2.2 药剂试验 试验共设7个药剂处理,1个空白对照,每处理4次重复,共计32个小区,每小区面积为36.6 m2（6.05 m × 6.05 m）。于8月9日进行药剂处理,试验小区按照完全随机区组试验设计,所有处理按每公顷用水量675 kg,在二化螟低龄幼虫期使用手动喷雾器对植株整体进行均匀喷雾。各处理药剂及用药量见表1。

表1   供试药剂试验设计

Table 1  The design of pesticides were used in this experiment

处理编号
Treatments number		药剂名称
Pesticides name		制剂用量
Preparations dosage
125%杀虫双水剂 25% dimehypo aqueous solution750 a.i.g/hm2
24 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂 4 000 IU/μL Bacillus thuringiensis suspension1 875 mL/hm2
31.8%阿维菌素乳油 1.8% abamectin emulsion600 mL/hm2
440%毒死蜱乳油 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion1 500 mL/hm2
5200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole suspension150 mL/hm2
619%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂 19% cyantraniliprole suspension150 mL/hm2
719%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂 19% cyantraniliprole suspension225 mL/hm2
8清水 Water—

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1.2.3 调查方法 于8月16日起进行田间调查。调查时,对每个放蜂处理或药剂处理小区的被害株数（包括枯心数、枯孕穗数、白穗数等）进行计数,每隔7 d调查一次（施药后算起）。同时,在最后一次调查时需收集每小区内带根的螟害株,带回室内剥查二化螟活虫数进行统计。将剥查到的活二化螟幼虫按照小区分别用水稻苗进行饲养,每天观察其死亡、寄生以及化蛹等情况。

1.3 数据处理

使用单因素方差分析ANOVA进行差异显著性分析,通过Levene's检验评估各组数据之间的同质性,使用Tukey法进行多重比较。所有数据都用Excel和SPSS软件进行计算和数据分析。实验数据用均数±标准误来表示。

$防治效果(\%)=\frac{对照螟害株数-处理螟害株数}{对照螟害株数}\times 100$ 。

2 结果与分析

2.1 二化螟盘绒茧蜂对田间水稻二化螟的防控能力评估

在2个放蜂密度（分别为125头蜂茧和250头蜂茧）处理下,二化螟盘绒茧蜂的最高防效出现在放蜂35 d后,达52.00%。在相同调查的时间,通过比较两组放蜂小区和对照组小区发现放蜂小区中的水稻平均枯心数、白穗数和枯穗数及残留二化螟幼虫数都低于对照小区（F3,16=0.002,P=0.969;F3,16=2.841,P=0.130;F3,16=0.330,P=0.581;F3,16=0.212,P=0.658）。但是不同放蜂密度调查发现二化螟盘绒茧蜂的控制效果无显著性差异（F3,16=0.294,P=0.829;F3,16=1.928,P=0.166）;而放蜂处理区的控制效果都与对照有显著差异（表2）。

表2   二化螟盘绒茧蜂对田间水稻二化螟的防控效果

Table 2  The control effect of Cotesia chilonis to Chilo suppressalis on rice fields

放蜂日期
Date of releasing C. chilonis		危害指标及防效
Injury index and control effect		处理1
Treatment 1		处理2
Treatment 2		对照
Control
放蜂日8.16
The day of releasing
C. chilonis August 16th		平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart17.60±3.70a20.00±4.09a16.50±4.50a
放蜂后7 d
Seven days after
releasing C. chilonis		平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart21.00±3.08b21.20±3.85b38.50±4.50a
防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)45.45±8.00a44.93±10.01a0b
放蜂后14 d
Fourteen days after
releasing C. chilonis		平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart22.60±2.50a29.00±2.88a34.00±9.00a
防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)33.59±7.33a14.71±8.47ab0b
放蜂后21 d
Twenty-one days after
releasing C. chilonis		平均白穗数 The average number of white head13.80±2.73b15.60±1.54ab24.00±1.00a
防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)42.50±11.37a35.00±6.40a0b
放蜂后28 d
Twenty-eight days
after C. chilonis		平均枯穗数 The average number of dead head17.20±3.84a19.60±3.53a31.00±4.00a
防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)44.51±12.38a36.78±11.39a0b
放蜂后35 d
Thirty-five days after
releasing C. chilonis		平均残活虫数 The average number of residual larvae18.20±2.78b15.60±4.61b32.50±4.50b
防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)44.00±8.46a52.00±14.19a0b

Treatment 1 is 125 cocoons/area; Treatment 2 is 250 cocoons/area. Data followed by different letters in the same column indicate significant difference in different treatments of the control effect of Cotesia chilonis on Chilo suppressalis at the 0.05 level by Tukey test.

处理1为125头蜂茧/小区;处理2为250头蜂茧/小区。表中同列数据后标有不同字母表示不同处理之间二化螟盘绒茧蜂对田间水稻二化螟的防效差异显著（P˂0.05,Tukey检验）。

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2.2 不同杀虫剂对水稻二化螟的田间防效评价

7种药剂对田间水稻二化螟的防治试验结果（表3）表明,19%溴氰虫酰胺225 mL/hm2对田间水稻二化螟具有较好的防治效果,施药后的第28天防效最高,为89.19%。200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺和19%溴氰虫酰胺150 mL/ hm2也有一定的防治效果,其防效都在50%以上,其中200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺的防效在施药后的第28天最高,为75.68%;而19%溴氰虫酰胺150 mL/hm2在施药后的第14天达到最高,为76.32%,此时该处理的防效也在7种不同药剂处理中最高。此外,从表3还可以看出,4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌在施药后的第14天防效达到最高,为63.16%;而40%毒死蜱、1.8%阿维菌素和25%杀虫双的防效较低,在施药后的第7天达到最高值时也仅为51.85%、59.26%和52.85%。在施药后的第35天调查发现,19%溴氰虫酰胺225 mL/hm2、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺和4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌仍保持一定的防效,其中以19%溴氰虫酰胺225 mL/hm2的防效最好,为89.19%（表3）。

表3   7种不同农药处理对水稻二化螟的田间防治效果

Table 3  The control effect of 7 kinds of pesticides treatment on Chilo suppresails in the field

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施药后第35天调查发现,在不施药的对照区,螟害株数为7.75个,25%杀虫双处理的小区螟害株数最多,为10.75头,而4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌处理的最少,仅为3.25个。然而,剥查这些受二化螟为害的稻株发现,在空白对照区中有最多的二化螟残留活幼虫,平均达到33.75头,25%杀虫双次之,为25.75头,19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂225 mL/hm2处理的最少,仅为5.50头（表4）。因此,在评估杀虫剂防治二化螟的效果时,不但要看这些药剂对枯心、白穗的减少程度,还要考虑对田间二化螟幼虫的残留量。综上所述,七种用于防治试验的药剂,对水稻二化螟的防治效果排名依次为：19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂225 mL/hm2≥19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂150 mL/hm2=200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂150 mL/hm2≥4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂1 875 mL/hm2> 40%毒死蜱乳油1 500 mL/hm2>1.8%阿维菌素乳油600 mL/hm2>25%杀虫双水剂750 a.i.g/hm2。

表4   7种不同农药处理35 d后对水稻二化螟的田间杀虫效果

Table 4  The insecticidal effect of 7 kinds of pesticides treatment on Chilo suppressalis in the field after 35 days

供试药剂
Test pesticides		螟害株数
Injured seedling number		残留活虫数
Residual larvae number		防效（%）
Control effect (%)
25%杀虫双水剂 25% dimehypo aqueous solution10.75±4.37a25.75±4.87ab23.70±14.43c
4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂
4 000 IU/μL bacillus thuringiensis suspension		3.25±1.65ab12.00±3.08ab64.45±9.13ab
1.8%阿维菌素乳油 1.8% abamectin emulsion9.75±1.49ab11.25±1.44ab66.67±4.26ab
40%毒死蜱乳油 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion7.00±1.58ab19.50±2.02ab42.22±5.99bc
200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂
200 g/L chlorantraniliprole suspension		3.50±1.19ab8.50±2.22ab74.82±6.57ab
19%溴氰虫酰胺150 mL/hm2
19% cyantraniliprole suspension 10 mL/hm2		5.50±1.32ab8.50±0.65ab74.82±1.91ab
19%溴氰虫酰胺225 mL/hm2
19% cyantraniliprole suspension 15 mL/hm2		1.00±0.41b5.50±1.04b83.71±3.08a
对照区 Control7.75±1.18ab33.75±5.63a—

Data in the table are mean±SE, and followed by the same letters are not significant difference at the 0.05 level by Tukey test. The same below.

表中数据为平均值±标准误,同列数据后标有相同字母表示无显著差异（P>0.05,Tukey检验）。下表同。

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2.3 稻田不同处理对二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生的影响

将各种处理区最后一次调查后收集的螟害株,带回室内剥查存活的二化螟幼虫并将其饲养,统计的寄生率见表5。从表5可以看出,放蜂处理区的二化螟残留幼虫寄生率最高,其中在放蜂密度为250头蜂茧的小区寄生率达到26.30%,放蜂密度为125头蜂茧的小区也有13.89%。但是,放蜂对照区（未放蜂）和药剂处理对照区（未施药）的二化螟残留幼虫的寄生率仅为6.80%和3.09%,它们之间也无显著性差异（P=0.128）。此外,无论哪种农药处理的小区,其二化螟残留幼虫的寄生率都显著降低了放蜂区的寄生率,但是生物农药苏云金杆菌处理区的二化螟残留幼虫的寄生率较化学农药处理区的要高,而溴氰虫酰胺和毒死蜱处理区的二化螟残留幼虫未发现被寄生。

表5   不同处理条件下稻田二化螟残留幼虫被寄生情况

Table 5  The parasitic rate of Chilo suppressalis of different experiment treatments in rice fields

处理药剂
Test pesticides		处理区的寄生率（%）
Parasitism rate in the processing area (%)		显著性检验
Test of the difference
25%杀虫双水剂 25% dimehypo aqueous solution1.98±0.29c
4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂
4 000 IU/μL bacillus thuringiensis suspension		4.18±0.18c
1.8%阿维菌素乳油 1.8% abamectin emulsion1.93±1.93c
40%毒死蜱乳油 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion0c
200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂
200 g/L chlorantraniliprole suspension		2.50±2.50c
19%溴氰虫酰胺150 mL/hm2
19% cyantraniliprole suspension 10 mL/hm2		0c
19%溴氰虫酰胺225 mL/hm2
19% cyantraniliprole suspension 15 mL/hm2		0c
药剂对照区 Control area of pesticides3.09±0.62c
寄生蜂（125头蜂茧/小区）Parasitic wasp (125 cocoons/area)13.89±3.36b
寄生蜂（250头蜂茧/小区）Parasitic wasp (250 cocoons/area)26.30±0.37a
放蜂对照区 Control area of releasing C. chilonis6.80±1.03bc

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3 结论与讨论

二化螟盘绒茧蜂羽化时间集中于白天,雌雄蜂交尾高峰集中于上午9：00至12：00和晚上18：00至21：00（杭杉葆等,1989a）。因此,本实验田间放蜂时间选择在上午9：00左右。在自制简易放蜂器的制作中,考虑到蜂茧的安全性,硬塑料片围成的正方形放蜂器保留上方盖片,这样既可以避免稻株露水的影响,也可防止飞行鸟类的干扰;同时将上方盖片保持一定弧度便于成蜂的飞行。此外,由于二化螟盘绒茧蜂对4龄幼虫阶段的二化螟具有较高的寄生选择性和最快发育速度（陈华才等,2002）,杭杉葆和林冠伦（1989）研究表明寄主体内的出蜂量与寄主龄期呈明显正相关。因此,本试验选择的4龄及以上二化螟幼虫期为寄主。

本试验发现,室内饲养的二化螟盘绒茧蜂在田间对水稻二化螟有一定的防控能力,其防效可达52%,且只需一次放蜂就可对田间的二化螟起到持续控制作用。本试验选择的2个放蜂密度分别为每小区（36.6 m2）125头蜂茧和250头蜂茧,二者之间的防控效果无显著性差异。因此,建议以每公顷稻田释放67 500头左右的二化螟盘绒茧蜂蜂茧较好,且放蜂密度高,对后期二化螟残留幼虫的寄生率也高,但二化螟盘绒茧蜂的最佳放蜂密度还需进一步研究确定。

本研究结果表明,对二化螟的防效依次为19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂225 mL/hm2≥19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂150 mL/hm2=200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂150 mL/hm2≥4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂1 875 mL/hm2>40%毒死蜱乳油1 500 mL/ hm2>1.8%阿维菌素乳油600 mL/hm2>25%杀虫双水剂750 a.i.g/hm2。一些药剂,如40%毒死蜱、25%杀虫双和1.8%阿维菌素的防治效果较差,是因为二化螟对其已产生抗药性（胡君等,2010;He et al.,2013;常菊花和何月平,2016;马惠等,2018）。19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂和200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂具有一定的防治效果,这可能是由于这2种药剂使用时间较短的缘故;此外,19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂的不同使用剂量防治效果也有较大差异,表明该药剂的实际使用量应每公顷使用225 mL较好。本研究结果表明,化学农药处理区的二化螟盘绒茧蜂对二化螟的寄生率都很低,其中溴氰虫酰胺处理组无被寄生的二化螟,可见所实验的7种杀虫剂甚至BT均不利于寄生蜂的效能的发挥,这些杀虫剂与二化螟绒茧蜂不兼容。这主要是化学药剂对寄生蜂的毒性较大所致（徐华强等,2014）,化学药剂对二化螟盘绒茧蜂的毒性还有待进一步研究。由于田间二化螟盘绒茧蜂对二化螟的寄生率较高（Kazuo et al.,1974;蒋明星等,1999;潘丹丹等,2016）,因此在开展二化螟绿色防控时,应注意合理施用化学农药,如选用不同类型的药剂轮换使用,特别是与一些生物农药和其它防治方法的配合应用,才能达到绿色防控的目的。此外,本研究的结果还表明在水稻二化螟发生为害不严重的地区,自然界中的二化螟盘绒茧蜂可有效控制田间二化螟的为害。因此,在许多水稻种植地区应根据实际情况尽量减少对田间水稻二化螟的兼治,从而达到减少农药成本和生态成本。

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