Effect of planting mixed crops of resistant and susceptible soybeans on crop damage by Spodoptera litura and the population dynamics of key soybean pests

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.014

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objectives] Crop diversity can be used to control the occurrence of insect pests, thereby increasing yields and reduce pesticide use. [Methods] Soybean varieties with high resistance (cv. Lamar; R), medium resistance (cv. ZD35; M) and high sensitivity (cv. JLNMH; S), to Spodoptera litura were planted together, and in isolation, to investigate the effects of crop diversity on soybean yield; i.e. we compared the yield from R, M and S monocultures to mixed RM, RS, MS and RMS crops. The population dynamics of key pests (S. litura and Megacopta cribraria) and insect community diversity in these different crops were also assessed to determine the optimal cultivar diversity with respect to effective ecological control of insect pests and soybean production. [Results] There was no significant difference in the number of individual pests per 100 plants between RM, RMS, and R crops, and there was also no significant difference in individual pests per 100 plants between RM and R crops, all of which had significantly lower pest numbers than other crop types. Insect community diversity (H) and evenness (E) of insects in mixed crops were all significantly higher than those in monocultures, but there were no significant differences in these indices between RM, RMS and R crops. Moreover, the community richness (D) of insects in RM and RMS crops were all significantly higher than those of other crops, whereas the reverse was true for community dominance (C). Furthermore, the grain weight per 100 plants for RM and RMS crops was significantly higher (42.86%-192.27%) than for other crops, except for the R monoculture. The RM crop also had the highest 1000-grain weight of all crop types from 4.46% to 29.31%. [Conclusion] We conclude that the abundance of key insect pests were significantly lower in RM and RMS crops, whereas insect community diversity, evenness and dominance and soybean yield, were all higher. Consequently, we recommend jointly sowing soybean cultivars with both high and moderate resistance, or with high, moderate and high sensitivity to insect pests, to enhance both the ecological control of insect pests and soybean production.

Key words: seed-mixed sowing, soybean yield, insect, population dynamics, community diversity, ecological control

Fang-Yuan SHEN, Yi-Fei ZHANG, Zi-Jin XIAO, Li-Kun LI, Yong-Ji WEI, Yue YIN, Fa-Jun CHEN. Effect of planting mixed crops of resistant and susceptible soybeans on crop damage by Spodoptera litura and the population dynamics of key soybean pests[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 124-133.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Field layout map of the seven types of seed-mixed sowing with high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars of soybean crops R: 100% high resistant soybean; M: 100% middle resistant soybean; S: 100 high susceptible soybean; RM: 50% high resistant and 50% middle resistant soybean; RS: 50% high resistant and 50% high susceptible soybean; MS: 50% middle resistant and 50% high susceptible soybean; RMS: 1/3 high resistant, 1/3 middle resistant and 1/3 high susceptible soybean. The same below.

Table 1 One-way repeated-measured analysis of variances (ANOVAs) on population dynamics of Spodoptera litura and Megacopta cribraria fed on soybean plants of different seeding types with high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M), and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars (F and P values)

主要害虫种类 Species of key insect pest	F值 F value	P值 P value
斜纹夜蛾 S. litura	33.88	<0.001
筛豆龟蝽 M. cribraria	65.55	<0.001

Fig. 2 Population dynamics of Spodoptera litura (A) and Megacopta cribraria (B) fed on soybean plants of different seeding types with the high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars Different lower-case letters indicate significantly different among different seeding types of soybean by the LSD test at 0.05 level. The same as Fig.3.

Table 2 One-way repeated-measured analysis of variances (ANOVAs) on the measured diversity indexes of insect community of different seeding types with high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M), and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars (F and P values)

群落指标Community indexes	F值 F value	P值 P value
多样性指数（H）Diversity index (H)	75.66	<0.001
均匀度指数（E）Evenness index (E)	36.43	<0.001
丰富度指数（D）Richness index (D)	12.55	<0.001
优势度指数（C）Dominance index (C)	92.01	<0.001

Fig. 3 Value dynamics of community indexes of diversity H (A), evenness E (B), richness D (C) , dominance C (D) of insect community of different seeding types with high (Lamar; R) , middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars

Fig. 4 Grains dry weight per 100 plants (A) , 1000-grains dry weight (B) of soybean plants in different seeding types with high (Lamar; R), middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars Histograms with different lowercase letters indicate significantly different among different seeding types of soybean by the LSD test at 0.05 level.

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