论害虫生态调控策略与技术 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

害虫生态调控作为害虫管理的一种“高级”策略,主要基于“预防为主,生态优先,整合治理,精准施策”的原则,通过调节与控制两个相辅相成的过程,整合包括生态调控技术、现代生物技术、农业防治、生物防治、理化诱控技术以及合理的化学防治等手段,构建“经济、简便、有效”的生态工程技术体系,将害虫控制在生态经济阈值水平之下。同时,它也是害虫管理的一种技术,包括景观生态设计、功能植物种植、推拉技术、生态自杀技术、作物合理布局、健康作物环境调控技术等措施。本文重点阐明了作为害虫管理策略与害虫管理技术“二重性”的害虫生态调控概念,明确了害虫生态调控的4项基本原理、6大独特技术和4个指导思想,比较了害虫生态调控策略与害虫综合治理策略的特征,解析了害虫生态调控技术与农业防治、生物防治的区别和联系,指出了未来害虫生态调控发展的趋势。

关键词: 害虫生态调控, 害虫综合管理, 技术, 策略, 特征

Abstract:

To reduce the risk from pesticides to humans and the environment, many growers have switched from conventional pest control methods to the ecological regulation and management of pests (ERMP). An "advanced" kind of integrated pest management (IPM), ERMP places strong emphasis on the crop protection principle of " prevention first, making ecology a priority, using integrated management and precise implementation". The Implementation of ERMP depends on integrating all available management methods, including ecological tactics, agricultural control, biological control, physical control, modern biotechnology and reasonable chemical control, to keep pests below the eco-economic threshold level. Furthermore, ERMP is also a kind of pest management technology, which makes use of habitat manipulation, functional plant, push-pull, ecological suicide, crop ratio and crop health. This paper presents the conceptual framework, four fundamental principles, six unique tactics and four guidelines, of the ERMP strategy, and describes the relationship between strategy and technology in ERMP. It is important to note that ERMP and IPM are not mutually exclusive; ERMP is a subset of IPM. The development of more reliable ERMP practices should allow growers to achieve the more economic, ecological and social benefits.

Key words: ecological regulation and management of pests (ERMP), integrated pest management (IPM), strategy, technology, characteristics

戈峰. 论害虫生态调控策略与技术 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1): 10-19.

Feng GE. The ecological regulation and management of pests[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 10-19.

图/表 4

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类型 Types	哲学基础 Philosophical foundation	指导思想 Guiding ideology	研究范围 Scope	研究焦点 Focus	使用措施 Measures	实施方法 Methods	实施标准 Standard	管理目标 Objectives
害虫综合防治（IPM）	容忍	生态学,经济学	农田或靶标害虫	种群,群落	各种防治措施	协调、综合	经济阈值	经济效益为主
害虫生态调控（ERMP）	主动调控,容忍,人与自然合谐相处	生态服务功能,区域景观,整合,生态优先	农田景观	食物网结构与功能	害虫生态调控技术及其它措施	整合设计组装	生态经济阈值	获得最多的生态与社会,经济效益

类型 Types	哲学基础 Philosophical foundation	指导思想 Guiding ideology	研究范围 Scope	研究焦点 Focus	使用措施 Measures	实施方法 Methods	实施标准 Standard	管理目标 Objectives
害虫综合防治（IPM）	容忍	生态学,经济学	农田或靶标害虫	种群,群落	各种防治措施	协调、综合	经济阈值	经济效益为主
害虫生态调控（ERMP）	主动调控,容忍,人与自然合谐相处	生态服务功能,区域景观,整合,生态优先	农田景观	食物网结构与功能	害虫生态调控技术及其它措施	整合设计组装	生态经济阈值	获得最多的生态与社会,经济效益