应用昆虫学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 124-133.doi: 10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.014
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
沈方圆1(), 张逸飞1,2, 肖子衿1, 李立坤1, 韦泳汲1, 尹悦1, 陈法军1,***()
收稿日期:
2019-12-15
接受日期:
2020-01-02
出版日期:
2020-01-31
发布日期:
2020-07-03
通讯作者:
陈法军
E-mail:zhangxingguo19@outlook.com;fajunchen@njau.edu.cn
基金资助:
Fang-Yuan SHEN1(), Yi-Fei ZHANG1,2, Zi-Jin XIAO1, Li-Kun LI1, Yong-Ji WEI1, Yue YIN1, Fa-Jun CHEN1,***()
Received:
2019-12-15
Accepted:
2020-01-02
Online:
2020-01-31
Published:
2020-07-03
Contact:
Fa-Jun CHEN
E-mail:zhangxingguo19@outlook.com;fajunchen@njau.edu.cn
摘要:
【目的】 利用作物多样性可有效控制大田害虫发生,并实现保产和减少化学农药施用。【方法】 本研究选取高抗(Lamar;R)、中抗(ZD35;M)和高感(JLNMH;S)斜纹叶蛾Spodoptera litura的大豆品种,进行不同播种模式(即R、M、S单作,RM、RS、MS和RMS各品种等量混播)对大豆产量和主要害虫(斜纹叶蛾S. litura和筛豆龟蝽Megacopta cribraria)种群发生及昆虫群落多样性的影响,以明确最优化大豆混播种植模式,实现基于品种多样性利用的大豆控害保产的生态防控。【结果】 RM和RMS混播下斜纹夜蛾百株虫量与R单作无显著差异,RM混播下筛豆龟蝽M. cribraria百株虫量与R单作也无显著差异,且都显著低于其它播种处理。RM和RMS混播下昆虫多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)都显著高于其它播种模式,但与R单作差异不显著;RM和RMS混播、R单作下昆虫群落丰富度指数(D)都显著高于其它播种处理,但昆虫群落优势度指数(C)与此相反。此外,RM和RMS混播下大豆百株籽粒重都显著高于除R单作外的其它播种处理(42.86%-192.27%),RMS混播下大豆千粒重也最高(高于其它播种处理4.46%-29.31%)。【结论】 RM和RMS混播可显著降低主要害虫种群发生量,明显提高昆虫群落多样性、均匀度和丰富度,并显著提高大豆产量。因此,大豆生产中建议推广高抗、中抗和高感虫品种混播(即RMS模式),以及高抗与中抗虫品种混播(即RM模式)以实现大豆控害保产的生态防控目的。
沈方圆, 张逸飞, 肖子衿, 李立坤, 韦泳汲, 尹悦, 陈法军. 高抗、中抗和高感虫品种混播对大豆产量及主要害虫种群发生和昆虫群落多样性的影响 *[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1): 124-133.
Fang-Yuan SHEN, Yi-Fei ZHANG, Zi-Jin XIAO, Li-Kun LI, Yong-Ji WEI, Yue YIN, Fa-Jun CHEN. Effect of planting mixed crops of resistant and susceptible soybeans on crop damage by Spodoptera litura and the population dynamics of key soybean pests[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 124-133.
图1 高抗(Lamar;R)、中抗(ZD35;M)和高感虫(JLNMH;S)大豆品种7种种植模式试验布局 R:100%高抗品种种植;M:100%中抗品种种植;S:100%高感虫品种种植;RM:50%高抗与50%中抗品种混播;RS:50%高抗与50%高感品种混播;MS:50%中抗与50%高感虫品种混播;RMS:1/3高抗、1/3中抗和1/3高感虫品种混播。下图同。
Fig. 1 Field layout map of the seven types of seed-mixed sowing with high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars of soybean crops R: 100% high resistant soybean; M: 100% middle resistant soybean; S: 100 high susceptible soybean; RM: 50% high resistant and 50% middle resistant soybean; RS: 50% high resistant and 50% high susceptible soybean; MS: 50% middle resistant and 50% high susceptible soybean; RMS: 1/3 high resistant, 1/3 middle resistant and 1/3 high susceptible soybean. The same below.
主要害虫种类 Species of key insect pest | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|
斜纹夜蛾 S. litura | 33.88 | <0.001 |
筛豆龟蝽 M. cribraria | 65.55 | <0.001 |
表1 高抗(Lamar; R)、中抗(ZD35; M)和高感虫(JLNMH; S)品种不同播种模式下大豆主要害虫斜纹夜蛾和筛豆龟蝽种群发生动态之间的单因子重复测量方差分析(F值和P值)
Table 1 One-way repeated-measured analysis of variances (ANOVAs) on population dynamics of Spodoptera litura and Megacopta cribraria fed on soybean plants of different seeding types with high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M), and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars (F and P values)
主要害虫种类 Species of key insect pest | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|
斜纹夜蛾 S. litura | 33.88 | <0.001 |
筛豆龟蝽 M. cribraria | 65.55 | <0.001 |
图2 高抗(Lamar;R)、中抗(ZD35;M)和高感虫(JLNMH;S)大豆不同播种模式下斜纹夜蛾(A)和筛豆龟蝽(B)种群发生动态 不同小写字母表示经LSD检验处理间在0.05水平上的差异显著性。图3同。
Fig. 2 Population dynamics of Spodoptera litura (A) and Megacopta cribraria (B) fed on soybean plants of different seeding types with the high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars Different lower-case letters indicate significantly different among different seeding types of soybean by the LSD test at 0.05 level. The same as Fig.3.
群落指标Community indexes | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|
多样性指数(H)Diversity index (H) | 75.66 | <0.001 |
均匀度指数(E)Evenness index (E) | 36.43 | <0.001 |
丰富度指数(D)Richness index (D) | 12.55 | <0.001 |
优势度指数(C)Dominance index (C) | 92.01 | <0.001 |
表2 高抗(Lamar; R)、中抗(ZD35; M)和高感虫(JLNMH; S)大豆不同播种模式下昆虫群落多样性指数的单因子重复测量方差分析(F值和P值)
Table 2 One-way repeated-measured analysis of variances (ANOVAs) on the measured diversity indexes of insect community of different seeding types with high (Lamar; R) and middle resistant (ZD35; M), and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars (F and P values)
群落指标Community indexes | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|
多样性指数(H)Diversity index (H) | 75.66 | <0.001 |
均匀度指数(E)Evenness index (E) | 36.43 | <0.001 |
丰富度指数(D)Richness index (D) | 12.55 | <0.001 |
优势度指数(C)Dominance index (C) | 92.01 | <0.001 |
图3 高抗(Lamar;R)、中抗(ZD35;M)和高感虫(JLNMH;S)大豆不同播种模式下昆虫群落多样性指数H(A)、均匀度指数E(B)、丰富度指数D(C)和优势度指数C(D)动态
Fig. 3 Value dynamics of community indexes of diversity H (A), evenness E (B), richness D (C) , dominance C (D) of insect community of different seeding types with high (Lamar; R) , middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars
图4 高抗(Lamar;R)、中抗(ZD35;M)和高感虫(JLNMH;S)大豆不同播种模式下大豆百株籽粒重(A)和千粒重(B) 柱上标有不同小写字母表示经LSD检验处理间在0.05水平上的差异显著性。
Fig. 4 Grains dry weight per 100 plants (A) , 1000-grains dry weight (B) of soybean plants in different seeding types with high (Lamar; R), middle resistant (ZD35; M) and high susceptible (JLNMH; S) cultivars Histograms with different lowercase letters indicate significantly different among different seeding types of soybean by the LSD test at 0.05 level.
[1] | Brophy LS, Mundt CC , 1991. Influence of plant spatial patterns on disease dynamics, plant competition and grain yield in genetically diverse wheat populations. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 35(1):1-12. |
[2] | Chen AQ , 2013. Effects of intercropping patterns of corn and soybean and different fertilization rates on the growth of corn and soybean. Agricultural Technology & Equipment, ( 17):64-66. |
[ 陈爱芹 , 2013. 玉米与大豆间作模式和不同施肥量对玉米及大豆生长的影响. 农业技术与装备, ( 17):64-66.] | |
[3] | Cui ZL, Gai JY, Ji DF, Ren ZJ , 1997. Investigation and analysis of soybean leaf-eating pests in Nanjing. Soybean Science, 16(1):13-21. |
[ 崔章林, 盖钧镒, 吉东风, 任珍静 , 1997. 南京地区大豆食叶性害虫种类调查与分析. 大豆科学, 16(1):13-21.] | |
[4] | Dai CC , 2005. Aphis glycines Matsumura population dynamics and control of natural enemies. Master dissertation. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University. |
[ 戴长春 , 2005. 大豆蚜(Aphis glycines Matsumura)种群动态及天敌控制作用研究. 硕士学位论文.哈尔滨: 东北农业大学.] | |
[5] | Dong WX, Xu N, Xiao C , 2013. Effects of plant diversity on plant-eating insect behavior. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 50(4):1133-1140. |
[ 董文霞, 徐宁, 肖春 , 2013. 作物多样性种植对植食性昆虫行为的影响. 应用昆虫学报, 50(4):1133-1140.] | |
[6] | Gao Y, Shi SS, Xu ML, Cui J , 2018. Current research on soybean pest management in China. Oil Crop Science, 3(4):215-227. |
[7] | Hu ZY, Yi GH, Xie RH, Qin GQ, Tang BK , 2005. Preliminary report on the use of biodiversity to control biological disasters in tobacco fields. China Plant Protection, 25(8):5-8. |
[ 胡子宜, 易光辉, 谢荣辉, 秦桂泉, 唐丙坤 , 2005. 利用生物多样性调控烟田生物灾害的研究初报, 中国植保导刊, 25(8):5-8.] | |
[8] |
Jin J, Liu XB, Wang GH, Mi L, Shen ZB, Chen XL, Herbert SJ , 2010. Agronomic and physiological contributions to the yield improvement of soybean cultivars released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China. Field Crops Research, 115(1):116-123.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.016 URL |
[9] | Li FS , 1990. Catalog of Chinese Wild Soybean Resources. Institute of Crop Variety Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Beijing: Agricultural Press. 335. |
[ 李福山 , 1990. 中国野生大豆资源目录. 中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所. 北京: 农业出版社. 335.] | |
[10] | Li LK, Zuo CB, Yu FL, Wang L, Li Z, Chen FJ , 2019. Effects of monoculture and intercropping of maize and soybean with reduced use of fertilizer on crop yields, insect community composition and diversity. Journal of Plant Protection, 46(5):980-988. |
[ 李立坤, 左传宝, 于福兰, 王龙, 李卓, 陈法军 , 2019. 肥料减施下玉米-大豆间作对作物产量和昆虫群落组成及多样性的影响. 植物保护学报, 46(5):980-988.] | |
[11] | Li Q, Zhang XM , 2018. Overview of the effects of plant diseases and insect pests on soybean yield in five major soybean producing countries. Journal of Agriculture, 8(4):23-27. |
[ 李琼, 张晓明 , 2018. 病虫害对 5个大豆主产国大豆产量影响的概述. 农学学报, 8(4):23-27.] | |
[12] | Li XM, Liu CL, Liu XL, Wang KQ, Wang S, Xia JX , 2014. Aphid control fffect of soybean aphids on crop diversity. Journal of Applied Entomology, 51(2):406-411. |
[ 李新民, 刘春来, 刘兴龙, 王克勤, 王爽, 夏吉星 , 2014. 作物多样性对大豆蚜的控蚜效应. 应用昆虫学报, 51(2):406-411.] | |
[13] |
Li Z, Li LK, Liu B, Wang L, Parajulee MN, Chen FJ , 2019. Effect of seed mixture sowing with transgenic Bt rice and its parental line on the population dynamics of target stemborers and leafrollers, and non-target planthoppers. Insect Science, 26(4):777-794.
doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12571 URL pmid: 29368405 |
[14] |
Li Z, Wan GJ, Wang L, Parajulee MN, Zhao ZH, Chen FJ , 2018. Effects of seed mixture sowing with resistant and susceptible rice on population dynamics of target planthoppers and non-target stemborers and leaffolders. Pest Management Science, 74(7):1664-1676.
doi: 10.1002/ps.4860 URL pmid: 29330915 |
[15] | Liang ZL, Liang Y , 1997. Correlation and selection of intercropping soybean yield and main economic characters. Soybean Science, 16(1):55-60. |
[ 梁镇林, 梁颖 , 1997. 间作大豆产量与主要经济性状的相关及选择. 大豆科学, 16(1):55-60.] | |
[16] | Lin LP , 2012. Research on forest species diversity in karst Guiyang city. Master dissertation. Hunan: Central South University of Forestry and Technology. |
[ 林丽平 , 2012. 喀斯特贵阳市森林物种多样性研究. 硕士学位论文. 湖南: 中南林业科技大学.] | |
[17] | Liu CM, Li CY , 2017. Effects of intercropping of maize with soybean and potato on senescence, yield and disease control of maize leaves. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 45(6):75-78. |
[ 刘朝茂, 李成云 , 2017. 玉米与大豆、马铃薯间作对玉米叶片衰老、产量及病害控制的影响. 江苏农业科学, 45(6):75-78.] | |
[18] | Luan HY , 2003. Biodiversity evaluation of Quercus liaotungensis in Dongling mountain based on radial basis function artificial neural network technology. Master dissertation. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University. |
[ 栾海燕 , 2003. 基于径向基函数人工神经网络技术的东灵山辽东栎林生物多样性评价研究. 硕士学位论文. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学.] | |
[19] | Mao JH, He ZQ, He SL, Peng HX, Chen XJ , 2006. Controlling cowpea diseases and pests using biodiversity. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 19(1):72-76. |
[ 毛建辉, 何忠全, 何树林, 彭化贤, 陈晓娟 , 2006. 利用生物多样性控制豇豆病虫害. 西南农业学报, 19(1):72-76.] | |
[20] | Pan PL , 2016. Impact of increased crop diversity on pests and natural enemies. Doctoral dissertation. Beijing: China Agricultural University. |
[ 潘鹏亮 , 2016. 增加作物多样性对病虫害和天敌发生的影响. 博士学位论文. 北京: 中国农业大学.] | |
[21] | Sun J, Liu DY , 2004. Application of diversity index in the study of marine phytoplankton. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 26(1):62-75. |
[ 孙军, 刘东艳 , 2004. 多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用. 海洋学报, 26(1):62-75.] | |
[22] | Wang B, Zheng QH, Guo H , 2008. Evaluation method of forest species diversity conservation value in China based on Shannon- Wiener index. Forest Research, 21(2):268-274. |
[ 王兵, 郑秋红, 郭浩 , 2008. 基于Shannon-Wiener指数的中国森林物种多样性保育价值评估方法. 林业科学研究, 21(2):268-274.] | |
[23] | Wang H , 2011. Evaluation of soybean resistance to Spodoptera litura, QTL association analysis of related traits, and haplotype identification of GmAOSl gene. PhD dissertation. Jiangsu: Nanjing Agricultural University. |
[ 王慧 , 2011. 大豆对斜纹夜蛾的抗性评价、相关性状QTL的关联分析及GmAOSl基因的单倍型鉴定. 博士学位论文. 江苏: 南京农业大学.] | |
[24] | Wang WL, Liu Y, Ji XL, Wang G, Zhou HB , 2008. Effect of intercropping garlic or rape on wheat populations and its main natural enemies population dynamics. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 19(6):1331-1336. |
[ 王万磊, 刘勇, 纪祥龙, 王光, 周海波 , 2008. 小麦间作大蒜或油菜对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群动态的影响. 应用生态学报, 19(6):1331-1336.] | |
[25] | Wu MR, Zhang MY, Jin ZD , 2002. Experimental research on the control of main plant diseases and insect pests in the biodiversity of spring crops. Yunnan Agricultural Science and Technology, ( 5):3-8. |
[ 吴美荣, 张美英, 晋宗道 , 2002. 小春作物生物多样性一控制主要病虫害的试验研究. 云南农业科技, ( 5):3-8.] | |
[26] | Wu MX, Han RJ, Wang SY, Jiang P, Zhang QL, Xia LS , 2010. Promoting effect of intercropping on insect diversity in Chinese plum-tea or medical dogwood-tea or chestnut-tea intercrop plantations. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 47(6):1165-1169. |
[ 吴满霞, 韩仁甲, 汪升毅, 江平, 张启利, 夏良胜 , 2010. 苦李山茱萸或板栗与茶间作增进昆虫多样性的效应. 昆虫知识, 47(6):1165-1169.] | |
[27] | Xiao P , 2009. Risk analysis of Spodoptera litura resistance to indoxacarb and its biochemical mechanism. Master dissertation. Shandong: Shandong Agricultural University. |
[ 肖鹏 , 2009. 斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威抗性风险分析及其抗性生化机理. 硕士学位论文. 山东: 山东农业大学.] | |
[28] |
Xing GN, Liu K, Gai JY , 2017. A high-throughput phenotyping procedure for evaluation of antixenosis against common cutworm at early seedling stage in soybean. Plant Methods, 13:66.
URL pmid: 28794796 |
[29] | You MS, Liu YF, Hou YM , 2004. Farmland biodiversity and integrated pest management. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 4(1):l17-122. |
[ 尤民生, 刘雨芳, 侯有明 , 2004. 农田生物多样性与害虫综合治理. 生态学报, 4(1):l17-122.] | |
[30] | Yu HH , 2014. Study on the effect of controlling rice insect pests by using biodiversity in rice fields. Master dissertation. Hainan: Hainan University. |
[ 俞欢慧 , 2014. 利用稻田田埂生物多样性控制水稻虫害的效应研究. 硕士学位论文. 海南: 海南大学.] | |
[31] |
Zhu YY, Chen H, Fan JH, Wang YY, Li Y, Chen JB, Fan JX, Yang SS, Hu LP, Leung H, Mew TW, Teng PS, Wang ZH, Mundt CC , 2000. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature, 406(6797):718-722.
doi: 10.1038/35021046 URL pmid: 10963595 |
[32] |
Zhu YY, Chen Hairu, Wang YY, Li ZS, Li Yan, Fan JH, Chen JB, Fan JX, Yang SS, Ma GL, Hu LP, Zou JY, Christopher CM, Borromeo E, Hei L, Mew TW , 2001. Diversifying variety for the control of rice blast in China. Biodiversity, 2(1):10-14.
doi: 10.1080/14888386.2001.9712530 URL |
[33] | Zou YD, Yu QL, Geng JG, Ma F, Chen GC , 2002. Effects of wheat varieties on the biological diversity of natural enemies of wheat aphids. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 29(4):321-325. |
[ 邹运鼎, 盂庆雷, 耿继光, 马飞, 陈高潮 , 2002. 小麦品种对麦蚜天敌群落生物多样性的影响. 安徽农业大学学报, 29(4):321-325.] |
No related articles found! |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||