五个不同抗病品种小麦对麦长管蚜生长发育的影响 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)是我国麦区常发性的一种害虫,其寄主范围广、繁殖力强,适应机制多样,每年都对我国的小麦产量造成重大损失。【方法】 为选育优良抗性品种小麦,比较不同品种小麦对麦长管蚜生长发育的影响,本实验在室内选取了5种抗蚜性未知的不同小麦品种,观察并统计麦长管蚜在不同品种小麦上的发育历期及成蚜体重和繁殖力。【结果】 不同品种小麦对麦长管蚜若蚜的生长发育影响不同,其中,用绵阳31号饲养的麦长管蚜若蚜平均发育历期最长为180.86 h,用棉农4号饲养的若蚜平均发育历期最短172.92 h,且差异显著。川麦55号上的麦长管蚜的成虫平均发育历期最高为20.93 d,棉麦1403上的麦长管蚜的成虫平均发育历期最低为15.57 d,差异显著。棉农4号上的麦长管蚜成蚜平均体重最大为0.70 mg,荣麦4号上的成蚜平均体重最小为0.50 mg,其余3个处理间差异不显著。川麦55号上的麦长管蚜的平均产蚜量最高为23.1只,显著高于其他4个处理,而其余4个品种小麦上的麦长管蚜繁殖力差异不显著。【结论】 麦长管蚜取食棉农4号后缩短了其若蚜的发育历期,其种群增长速率可能加快从而加重对小麦的危害;而取食绵阳31号的若蚜发育历期延长,种群增长延缓,为害减弱。就繁殖力和成虫发育历期来说,麦长管蚜在川麦55的适合度更高,为害更重。

关键词: 麦长管蚜, 发育历期, 繁殖力, 抗蚜性

Abstract:

[Objectives] The wheat aphid Sitobion avenae is an important insect pest of wheat in China. Due to its wide host range, high fecundity and adaptability, this species greatly reduces China's annual wheat yield. [Methods] The growth and development of S. avenae raised on different wheat varieties were compared under laboratory conditions to inform the selection and breeding of aphid-resistant wheat varieties. [Results] The different wheat varieties had different effects on the growth and development of S. avenae. Nymphs fed on the Mianyang 4 wheat variety had the longest average developmental duration (180.86 h) whereas those fed on the Miannong 4 had the shortest (172.92 h). These two wheat varieties had significantly different effects on the duration of the 1 ^st and 2 ^nd instar nymph stages. Adults raised on the Miannong 4 wheat variety were the heaviest on average (0.70 mg) whereas those raised on the Rongmai 4 variety were the lightest (0.50 mg). There were no significant differences in the weights of adult aphids raised on the Mianyang 31, Mianmai 1403 or Chuanmai 55 wheat varieties. The average fecundity of females raised on Chuanmai 55 was 23.1, significantly higher than that of those raised on the other four wheat varieties. Adults raised on Chuanmai 55 also had the longest average lifespan (20.93 d), whereas those raised on Mianmai 1403 had the shortest (15.57 d). Both these values are significantly higher, and lower, respectively, than those of adults raised on the other three wheat varieties, which were not significantly different from each other. [Conclusion] The growth and development of larva S. avenae raised on Miannong 4 were shortened, which might accelerate the population growth rate and lead to more damage to wheat. However, the larva S. avenae fed on mianyang 31 had a longer growth and development period, meaning the population growth rate was shortened and the damage might become weakened. According to the fecundity and adult developmental period, the adult S. avenae was more suitable to Chuanmai 55.

Key words: Sogatella furcifera, migration dynamics, mesoscale source areas, trajectory analysis

范鸣原, 刘婕, 段雪莹, 张乃钊, 高峰. 五个不同抗病品种小麦对麦长管蚜生长发育的影响 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1): 134-141.

Ming-Yuan FAN, Jie LIU, Xue-Ying DUAN, Nai-Zhao ZHANG, Feng GAO. Effects of different wheat varieties on the development of Sitobion avenae[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 134-141.

图/表 8

图1 不同小麦品种对1龄麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期的影响图中数据为平均数±标准差。柱上标有不同字母表示经单因素方差分析方法检验在0.05水平差异显著。下图同。

Fig. 1 The effects of different wheat varieties on the development duration of 1st-stage Sitobion avenae nymph Data in the figure are mean ± SD. Histograms with different letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level by single factor analysis of variance. The same below.

图2 不同小麦品种对2龄麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期的影响

Fig. 2 The effects of different wheat varieties on the development duration of 2nd-stage Sitobion avenae nymph

图3 不同小麦品种对3龄麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期的影响

Fig. 3 The effects of different wheat varieties on the development duration of 3rd-stage Sitobion avenae nymph

图4 不同小麦品种对4龄麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期的影响

Fig. 4 The effects of different wheat varieties on the development duration of 4th-stage Sitobion avenae nymph

图5 不同小麦品种对麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期的影响

Fig. 5 The effects of different wheat varieties on the developmental duration of Sitobion avenae nymph

图6 不同小麦品种对麦长管蚜成虫发育历期的影响

Fig. 6 The effects of different wheat varieties on the developmental duration of adult Sitobion avenae

图7 不同小麦品种对麦长管蚜成蚜体重的影响

Fig. 7 The effects of different wheat varieties on adult body weight of Sitobion avenae

图8 不同小麦品种对麦长管蚜繁殖力的影响

Fig. 8 The effects of different wheat varieties on the fecundity of Sitobion avenae

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