小尺度下景观多样性对小菜蛾种群的调控 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.010

应用昆虫学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 88-98.doi: 10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.010

小尺度下景观多样性对小菜蛾种群的调控 ^*

张杰¹^,²^,³(), 何玮毅¹^,²^,³, 杨广¹^,²^,³, 黄斌¹^,⁴^,^***(), 侯有明¹^,⁴^,^***()

1. 闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室,福建农林大学应用生态研究所,福州 350002
2. 教育部害虫生态防控国际合作联合实验室,福建农林大学,福州 350002
3. 农业部闽台作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,福建农林大学,福州 350002
4. 福建省昆虫生态重点实验室,福州 350002

收稿日期:2019-11-06 接受日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-01-31 发布日期:2020-07-03
通讯作者: 黄斌,侯有明 E-mail:jkwalker@163.com;huangbin@fafu.edu.cn;ymhou@fafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200400);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201209-05);国家自然科学基金重点项目(31230061)

Landscape diversity regulates diamondback moth populations on small spatial scales

Jie ZHANG¹^,²^,³(), Wei-Yi HE¹^,²^,³, Guang YANG¹^,²^,³, Bin HUANG¹^,⁴^,^***(), You-Ming HOU¹^,⁴^,^***()

1. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
4. Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology in Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received:2019-11-06 Accepted:2019-12-26 Online:2020-01-31 Published:2020-07-03
Contact: Bin HUANG,You-Ming HOU E-mail:jkwalker@163.com;huangbin@fafu.edu.cn;ymhou@fafu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella 危害十字花科蔬菜严重,通过分析景观多样性对小菜蛾种群及其天敌蜘蛛的影响,寻求一种可持续控制小菜蛾的方法。【方法】在福建省选择不同农业景观多样性的采样点,分析半径分别为25, 50, 100 m空间范围内不同景观类型组成,调查田间小菜蛾种群的丰富度、产卵量和取食量,以及天敌蜘蛛的丰富度,分析景观多样性对小菜蛾种群的影响。【结果】随自然生境比例增加,小菜蛾种群丰富度显著降低,其产卵量受到影响,但对其取食量没有显著影响,蜘蛛的种群丰富度也显著升高。主成分分析表明草地、林地和水域等生境面积都与小菜蛾种群丰富度呈负相关关系,且草地的负相关性最强。【结论】在半径小于100 m的空间范围内,提高农业景观多样性,特别是增加草地的面积,有助于提高对田间小菜蛾种群的控制。

关键词: 小菜蛾, 丰富度, 自然生境, 天敌, 可持续控制

Abstract:

[Objectives] To develop a sustainable method for controlling the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which inflicts serious damage on cruciferous vegetable crops, by investigating the effects of landscape diversity on DBM and predatory spider populations. [Methods] Sampling sites were chosen based on an increasing diversity gradient in Fujian Province and the landscape composition was analyzed at radii of 25, 50, 100 m. The effect of landscape diversity on DBM abundance, fecundity and crop damage, and on spider abundance, was analyzed. [Results] DBM abundance decreased significantly as the percentage of natural habitat increased. Its fecundity was highest in landscapes with moderate diversity but there was no significant landscape effect on crop damage. Spider abundance had the opposite trend. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates negative correlations between the percentage of grassland, forest and water and DBM abundance. [Conclusion] Improving landscape diversity, specifically maintaining more grassland, is an effective way of controlling DBM at spatial scales less than 100 m.

Key words: diamondback moth, abundance, natural habitat, natural enemies, sustainable control

张杰, 何玮毅, 杨广, 黄斌, 侯有明. 小尺度下景观多样性对小菜蛾种群的调控 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1): 88-98.

Jie ZHANG, Wei-Yi HE, Guang YANG, Bin HUANG, You-Ming HOU. Landscape diversity regulates diamondback moth populations on small spatial scales[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 88-98.

图/表 9

图1 调查地区在福建省内位置示意图地图来自国家地理信息公共服务平台http://www.tianditu.gov.cn/.

Fig. 1 The location of investigated district in Fujian Province Map downloaded from National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Services http://www.tianditu.gov.cn/.

图2 采样点不同斑块类型分布示意图

Fig. 2 The distribution of different patches in sampling sites

图3 采样点不同空间尺度景观分析示意图

Fig. 3 Landscape analysis of sampling sites at different spatial scales

表1 漳浦和建瓯两地的采样点的景观多样性分析

Table 1 Analysis of the sampling sites in Zhangpu and Jianou

多样性指标 Landscape diversity index		采样点A Sampling site A			采样点B Sampling site B			采样点C Sampling site C
多样性指标 Landscape diversity index		25 m	50 m	100 m	25 m	50 m	100 m	25 m	50 m	100 m
漳浦 Zhangpu	自然生境比例 Percentage of natural area	3%	24%	25%	42%	51%	49%	46%	55%	53%
漳浦 Zhangpu	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	0.10	0.62	0.73	0.93	1.03	1.13	0.98	1.06	1.36
建瓯 Jianou	自然生境比例 Percentage of natural area	12%	9%	21%	23%	46%	44%	40%	56%	61%
建瓯 Jianou	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	0.37	0.30	0.70	0.54	1.04	1.54	1.15	1.51	1.62

图4 不同景观多样性下小菜蛾种群丰富度 A. 不同自然生境比例下种群丰富度;B. 不同香农-维纳指数下小菜蛾种群丰富度。

Fig. 4 The abundance of adult Plutella xylostella in different landscapes A. The abundance of P. xylostella along different percentage of natural habitat; B. The abundance of P. xylostella along the Shannon-Wiener index.

图5 不同景观多样性条件下小菜蛾产卵量和取食量 A. 不同自然生境比例下产卵量变化;B. 不同自然生境比例下取食量变化。

Fig. 5 The fecundity and feeding amount of Plutella xylostella collected from different landscapes A. The change of fecundity along the percentage of natural habitat; B. The change of feeding amount along the percentage of natural habitat.

图6 不同景观多样性条件下蜘蛛丰富度

Fig. 6 The abundance of spiders in different landscapes

图7 菜田中不同景观因子的主成分分析

Fig. 7 Principal component analysis for landscape factors in the fields

图8 到自然生境不同距离下的小菜蛾丰富度分布

Fig. 8 The abundance of Plutella xylostella along the distance to natural habitats

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小尺度下景观多样性对小菜蛾种群的调控 ^*

Landscape diversity regulates diamondback moth populations on small spatial scales

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