Cloning, sequence characterization and expression of the Apis mellifera amPGAM2 gene

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.091

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objectives] Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) plays an important role in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis of protease. This study intends to clarify the sequence characteristics and expression patterns of the amPGAM2 gene. [Methods] The cDNA sequence of the Apis mellifera amPGAM2 gene was cloned, and its sequence characteristics and expression in different castes and developmental stages; workers, drones and queens, analyzed. [Results] Sequence analysis indicates that the full length of the cloned sequence is 976 bp, and contains a complete open reading frame encoding 254 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the gene is highly homologous to that of Apis cerana (98.4%). The gene has 15 potential antigen epitopes, 9 phosphorylation sites and 5 histidine phosphatase domain active sites and encodes a glycerol diphosphate-dependent soluble neutral stable protein that belongs to the histidine phosphatase superfamily. The results of RT-qPCR indicate that expression of amPGAM2 is significantly different in different castes and developmental stages. Expression in workers was highest at 3 days of age in the egg stage and at 5 days in the larval stage. The highest expression in drones and queesn was in the adult stage and in 4 day-old larvae, respectively. Expression in workers, drones and queens increased from hatching to the larval stage, and from the red-eye pupal eclosion to the adult stage. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the amPGAM2 gene plays an important role in hatching and spermatogenesis. This paper provides a theoretical basis for improving understanding of the energy metabolism during reproductive development in Apis mellifera.

Key words: Apis mellifera, PGAM2 gene, glycolysis, sequence characteristics, fluorescence quantification

Xia-Hui OUYANG, Shuai PENG, Wen-Kai XU, Xue-Lei ZHU, Xiang-Xiang ZHENG, Hong CHEN. Cloning, sequence characterization and expression of the Apis mellifera amPGAM2 gene[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(4): 889-897.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Primers used in this study

引物 Primers	引物序列（5￠-3￠） Primer sequence (5￠-3￠)	引物用途 Use of primers
PGAM2-F	AATACGATAGGTGGTGGGGG	扩增引物 Amplified primers
PGAM2-R	TGAAACACATCTCTAGAAAAACATC	扩增引物 Amplified primers
q-pgam2(s)	TCCGATAAAGGTAAGATTGAAGCA	实时荧光定量PCR RT-qPCR
q-pgam2(a)	ACGTTCATTTAATCGCCATGTCTTT
qβ-actin-2F	TGCCAACACTGTCCTTTCTG
qβ-actin-2R	AGAATTGACCCACCAATCCA

Fig. 1 PCR amplification of amPGAM2 gene in Apis mellifera M: DL2000DNA Marker; 2: Negative control; 2: PCR product of amPGAM2 gene.

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of PGAM2 gene based on NJ method

Table 2 Physicochemical properties of amPGAM2 in Apis mellifera

蛋白质理化特性 Physicochemical properties of proteins	预测结果 Prediction results
分子式Molecular formula	C₁₃₀₆H₂₀₅₀N₃₅₀O₃₈₀S₈
等电点Isoelectric point	7.07
负电荷氨基酸残疾总数（Asp + Glu）Total disability of negatively charged amino acids (Asp + Glu)	35
正电荷氨基酸残疾总数（Arg + Lys）Total disability of positive charge amino acids (Arg + Lys)	35
不稳定指数Instability index	39.24
总平均亲水性系数Total average hydrophilicity coefficient	﹣0.505
半衰期Half life	30 h

Fig. 3 Tertiary structure of amPGAM2 protein in Apis mellifera

Fig. 4 Analysis of B cell antigen epitopes of amPGAM2 protein in Apis mellifera The transverse axis is the amino acid sequence of protein and the longitudinal axis is the antigen index. The peak interval above the critical value is the potential antigen epitope.

Table 3 Potential antigenic epitopes in the amino acid sequence of amPGAM2 in Apis mellifera

顺序 Order	氨基酸位置 Amino acid position	潜在抗原表位序列 Potential epitope sequence	得分 Score
1	13-16	ESEW	0.915
2	29-38	HLSDKGKIEA	0.860
3	43-45	KAI	0.530
4	76	Q	0.400
5	79-80	IT	0.580
6	92-93	YG	0.403
7	98-110	LNKAETAAKYGEE	1.259
8	118-131	SFDTPPPPMEPDHK	2.850
9	140-153	PRYANDPKPEEFPK	2.269
10	166	P	0.350
11	177	K	0.404
12	200-203	EMSN	0.556
13	224	N	0.353
14	226	K	0.406
15	237-241	EETVK	0.935

Fig. 5 Expression of amPGAM2 gene in different grades and developmental stages of Apis mellifera G-2: Egg stage of worker bees 2 days old; G-3: Egg stage of worker bees 3 days old; G-5: Larval stage of worker bees 5 days old; G-7: Larval stage of worker bees 7 days old; G-9: Larval stage of worker bees 9 days old; G-11: Larval stage of worker bees 11 days old; G-Y: Worker bees prepupa; G-B: Worker bees white eye pupa; G-H: Worker bees red eye pupa; G-C: Worker bees adult. X-2: Egg stage of drones 2 days old; X-3: Egg stage of drones 3 days old ; X-4: Larva stage of drones 4 years old; X-6: Larva stage of drones 6 years old; X-8: Larva stage of drones 8 years old; X-10: Larva stage of drones 10 years old; X-12: Larva stage of drones 12 years old; X-Y: Drones prepupa; X-B: Drones white eye pupa; X-H: Drones red eye pupa; X-C: Drones adult. W-2: Egg stage of queen bees 2 days old; W-3: Egg stage of Queen bees 3 days old; W-4: Larva stage of queen bees 4 days old; W-5: Larva stage of queen bees 5 days old; W-6: Larva stage of queen bees 6 days old; W-7: Larva stage of queen bees 7 days old; W-Y: Queen bees pre-pupa; W-B: Queen bees white eye pupa; W-H: Queen bees red eye pupa; W-C: Queen bees adult. Histograms with different letters indicate significant difference in variance analysis of single factors (P <0.05, Duncan’s multiple comparison).

Fig. 6 Expression of amPGAM2 gene in pupal and adult stages of Apis mellifera Y: Prepupa; B: White-eyed pupa; H: Red-eyed pupa; C: Adult.

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