华中地区五种水稻品种对褐飞虱生活史和种群动态的影响 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 通过研究华中地区5种主栽水稻品种对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (St?l)生活史和种群动态的影响,评价褐飞虱个体和种群对5种水稻品种的取食适应性特征,为华中地区主栽水稻的应用推广和褐飞虱的防控提供数据参考。【方法】 利用两性生命表理论,研究华中地区5种水稻（“深两优3117”、“金优957”、“齐两优908”、“丰优989”、“汕优63”）对褐飞虱生活史参数的影响,并用软件模拟5种水稻喂饲下褐飞虱种群动态发生情况。【结果】 不同水稻品种对褐飞虱4-5龄若虫的影响最大,取食“齐两优908”后褐飞虱发育历期较其他水稻品种显著延迟（P<0.05）;“汕优63”和“金优957”饲喂下的褐飞虱产卵量显著低于其它3种水稻品种（P <0.05）;“齐两优908”喂饲处理下,褐飞虱成活率较其他4种水稻品种显著降低（P <0.05）。褐飞虱在5种水稻品的净增值率（R₀）由高到低依次为“丰优989”>“深两优3117”>“汕优63”>“金优957”>“齐两优908”。 【结论】 华中地区5种主栽水稻品种,“齐两优908”对褐飞虱成活率具有显著的降低效果;褐飞虱取食“丰优989”和“深两优3117”后种群净增值率最高。

关键词: 褐飞虱, 水稻品种, 两性生命表, 生长发育, 种群动态

Abstract:

[Objectives] To evaluate the effects of five rice varieties on the life history and population dynamics of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, in central China, and thereby inform the prevention and control of this pest. [Methods] The effects of five rice varieties (“Shen Liang you 3117”, “Jin you 957”, “Qi Liang you 908”, “Feng you 989” and “Shan you 63”) on the life history parameters of the brown planthopper were studied using two-sex life table. In addition, the population dynamics of N. lugens feeding on each of the five rice varieties was simulated with two-sex life table software. [Results] Different rice cultivars had different effects on 4 ^th-5 ^th instar nymphs of the brown planthopper. Nymphs fed on “Qi Liang you 908” took significantly longer to develop than those fed the other four rice varieties (P<0.05). Planthoppers fed on “Shan you 63” and “Jin you 957” had significantly lower fecundity than those fed on the other three rice varieties (P<0.05), and those fed on “Qi Liang you 908” had a significantly lower survival rate than those fed on the other rice varieties (P<0.05). The five rice varieties can be ranked in terms of the net reproductive rate (R₀) of the brown rice planthoppers fed on them as follows; “Feng you 989” > “Shen Liang you 3117” > “Shan you 63” > “Jin you 957”> “Qi Liang you 908”. [Conclusion] Brown planthoppers fed on “Qi Liang you 908” had a significantly lower survival rate than those fed on the other four rice varieties, and those fed on “Feng you 989” and “Shen Liang you 3117” had a significantly higher net population growth rate than those fed on the other four rice varieties.

Key words: brown planthopper, rice varieties, two-sex life table, growth and development, population dynamics

郑晓旭, 赵慕华, 何帅洁, 李雪梅, 杨凤连, 吴刚. 华中地区五种水稻品种对褐飞虱生活史和种群动态的影响 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1): 142-152.

Xiao-Xu ZHENG, Mu-Hua ZHAO, Shuai-Jie HE, Xue-Mei LI, Feng-Lian YANG, Gang WU. Effects of five different rice varieties on the life history and population dynamics of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens in central China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 142-152.

图/表 7

表1 5种水稻对褐飞虱生活史参数的影响

Table 1 Life history parameters of Nilaparvata lugens feeding on five rice varieties

生活史参数 Life history parameter	水稻品种Rice varieties
生活史参数 Life history parameter	“丰优989” “Feng you 989”	“深两优117” “Shen liang you 3117”	“汕优63” “Shan you 63”	“金优957” “Jin you 957”	“齐两优908” “Qi liang you 908”
卵期Egg（d）	7.20±0.04a	7.20±0.04a	7.20±0.04a	7.20±0.04a	7.20±0.04a
1龄N1（d）	2.36±0.06a	2.82±0.04a	3.00±0.06a	2.62±0.05a	2.78±0.05a
2龄N2（d）	2.06±0.03a	2.03±0.02a	2.04±0.02a	2.01±0.01a	2.00±0.02a
3龄N3（d）	2.13±0.04a	2.08±0.03a	2.09±0.03a	2.07±0.03a	2.07±0.03a
4龄N4（d）	2.85±0.08a	2.43±0.08b	2.36±0.06b	2.27±0.08c	2.21±0.05bc
5龄N5（d）	3.68±0.12a	3.16±0.05b	3.11±0.04bc	3.18±0.06b	3.46±0.17ab
产卵前期APOP（d） Adult preoviposition period（d）	2.41±0.26ab	1.15±0.16c	1.80±0.18b	2.73±0.18a	3.67±0.80a
总产卵前期TPOP（d） Total preoviposition period （d）	22.63±0.39ac	20.67±0.28b	21.24±0.33ab	22.20±0.43a	24.22±1.58a
繁殖力Fecundity	209.60±28.20a	159.70±24.40a	75.50±12.80b	67.50±13.10b	127.20±34.00ab
雌成虫寿命（d） Female longevity（d）	17.70±1.26a	14.71±1.03ab	10.18±1.07bc	10.30±0.98bc	11.70±1.81b
雄成虫寿命（d） Male longevity（d）	16.77±1.48a	16.43±1.34a	15.86±1.46a	15.08±1.32a	15.13±2.43a
存活率Survival rate（%）	75.00±5.00a	71.00±5.00a	83.00±4.00a	56.00±6.00b	33.00±5.00c

图1 5种水稻品种（“深两优3117”、“金优957”、“齐两优908”、“丰优989”、“汕优63”）对褐飞虱特定年龄-龄期生命期望（exj）的影响 N1：1龄,N2：2龄,N3：3龄,N4：4龄,N5：5龄。下图同。

Fig. 1 Effect of five rice varieties (“Shen liang you 3117”, “Jin you 957”, “Qi liang you 908”, “Feng you 989” and “Shan you 63”) on the age-stage specific life expectancy (exj) of Nilaparvata lugens N1: 1 age, N2: 2 age, N3: 3 age, N4: 4 age, N5: 5 age. The same below.

表2 5种水稻品种对褐飞虱种群参数的影响

Table 2 Population parameter of Nilaparvata lugens feeding on five rice varieties

水稻品种 Rice variety	种群参数 Population parameter
水稻品种 Rice variety	净增值率（R₀） Net reproductive rate	平均世代周期T（d） Mean generation time	内禀增长率（r_m） Intrinsic rate of increase	周限增长率（λ） Finite rate of increase
“丰优989” “Feng you 989”	78.60±15.43a	27.12±0.37a	0.16±0.007 8a	1.17±0.009 1a
“深两优3117” “Shen liang you 3117”	67.88±13.55a	24.70±0.33ab	0.17±0.008 1a	1.18±0.009 6a
“汕优63” “Shan you 63”	35.84±7.35a	24.08±0.40b	0.14±0.008 8a	1.16±0.010 2a
“金优957” “Jin you 957”	16.86±4.58b	24.45±0.48ab	0.11±0.012 2b	1.12±0.013 6b
“齐两优908” “Qi liang you 908”	15.90±6.02c	27.57±1.68a	0.10±0.016 3b	1.10±0.017 8b

图2 5种水稻（“深两优3117”、“金优957”、“齐两优908”、“丰优989”、“汕优63”）对褐飞虱的种群数量模拟

Fig. 2 Population number simulation of Nilaparvata lugens feeding on five rice varieties(“Shen liang you 3117”, “Jin you 957”, “Qi liang you 908”, “Feng you 989” and “Shan you 63”)

图3 5种水稻品种（“深两优3117”、“金优957”、“齐两优908”、“丰优989”、“汕优63”）对褐飞虱特定年龄龄期存活率（Sxj）的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of rice varieties (“Shen liang you 3117”, “Jin you 957”, “Qi liang you 908”, “Feng you 989” and “Shan you 63”) on the age-stage specific life expectancy(exj) of Nilaparvata lugens

图4 5种水稻品种（“深两优3117”、“金优957”、“齐两优908”、“丰优989”、“汕优63”）对褐飞虱特定年龄-繁殖贡献（Vxj）的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of rice varieties (“Shen liang you 3117”, “Jin you 957”, “Qi liang you 908”, “Feng you 989” and “Shan you 63”) on the age-stage specific reproductive value (Vxj) of Nilaparvata lugens

图5 5种水稻品种（“深两优3117”、“金优957”、“齐两优908”、“丰优989”最上面左侧的图的图例的正确写法是lx mx lx×mx fi(female)、“汕优63”）对褐飞虱特定年龄存活率（lx）、种群年龄特征繁殖力（mx）和种群年龄特征净增值率（lx×mx）的影响 x：特定年龄存活率;mx：种群特定年龄繁殖力。

Fig. 5 Effect of five rice varieties ( “Shen liang you 3117”, “Jin you 957”, “Qi liang you 908”, “Feng you 989” and “Shan you 63”)on the age-specific survival rate (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx) and age-specific maternity（lx×mx）of Nilaparvata lugens x: Age-specific survival rate; mx: Age-specific fecundity.

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