草地贪夜蛾的准确鉴定 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是新入侵我国的迁飞性害虫,为了筛选出有效和不易受损的形态鉴别特征。【方法】 本研究运用比较形态学和外生殖器解剖技术,筛选稳定、可靠的外部形态特征,描述雌雄外生殖器特征。【结果】 草地贪夜蛾的大小等21个外形特征在不同个体间存在差异,不适合用于草地贪夜蛾的准确鉴定。新筛选的翅基部黑斑等4个前翅特征,下唇须节黑色横带、前足胫节密被长鳞片、前足跗节黑色、腹部腹面黑斑、肩板颜色均一、前足基节内侧长毛6个非翅面外形特征在草地贪夜蛾个体间稳定,其中前翅中部倾斜的椭圆环形斑等4个特征、颜色均一肩板等5个特征、环形斑内部颜色特征分别存在于草地贪夜蛾雌雄蛾、雄蛾和雌蛾中。新筛选的外形特征可分别用于准确区别草地贪夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾。新描述了阳茎基环长大于宽等6个雄性外生殖器特征和囊导管基部明显宽于端部等4个雌性交配囊特征,其中3个雄性外生殖器特征和3个雌性交配囊特征可分别用于准确鉴定草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾雄蛾、草地贪夜蛾雌蛾和甜菜夜蛾雌蛾。【结论】 本研究结果不仅为草地贪夜蛾雄蛾鉴定提供了新的前翅特征,还首次为雄蛾鉴定提供了非翅面特征和为雌蛾鉴定提供了前翅特征,也筛选了新的雄性外生殖器特征和雌性交配囊特征,对我国夜蛾科昆虫生殖器研究有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 草地贪夜蛾, 形态特征, 个体差异, 雄性外生殖器, 交配囊

Abstract:

[Objectives] To describe morphological characteristics that can be used to accurately identify the moth Spodoptera frugiperda, an invasive pest that has recently become established in China. [Methods] Stable, diagnostic, morphological characteristics of male and female moths, including male genitalia and female bursa copulatrix are described. [Results] Body size and other 20 morphological characteristics are too variable among individuals to be used to accurately identify S. frugiperda. In addition to 4 forewing characteristics, including black spots on the base of the forewing, 6 other morphological features, such as black scale bands on the labial palp, are found to be sufficiently invariant among individuals to serve as diagnostic features. An oblique orbicular spot in the middle of the forewing, and other 3 morphological characteristics are confined to males and females. The uniform color of humeral plates and 4 other features are confined to males, whereas the characteristic “same color of the inner part to the forewings” is confined to females. Four and two newly identified external morphological features accurately distinguish S. frugiperda from S. litura and S. exigua moths, respectively. Newly identified 6 diagnostic features of male S. frugiperda genitalia include juxta longer than wide, whereas newly identified 4 features of females bursa copulatrix include the base of the ductus bursae being obviously wider than the end. Three features of the male genitalia, and 3 of the female bursa copulatrix, accurately distinguish S. frugiperda from male S. litura and female S. exigua, respectively. [Conclusion] The results of this study not only provide morphological characteristics of the forewing but also additional morphological characteristics of other body part that allow the accurate identification of male S. frugiperda. Forewing features that allow the accurate identification of females are also provided for the first time. In addition, our results provide a useful reference on the genitalia of noctuids, including some newly described features of the male genitalia and female bursa copulatrix.

Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, morphological characteristics, individual differences, male genitalia, bursa copulatrix

冯波, 郭前爽, 王浩杰, 潘烈明, 杜永均. 草地贪夜蛾的准确鉴定 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(4): 877-888.

Bo FENG, Qian-Shuang GUO, Hao-Jie WANG, Lie-Ming PAN, Yong-Jun DU. Accurate identification of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(4): 877-888.

图/表 6

图1 草地贪夜蛾成虫外部形态特征 A．雄蛾背面观,红色圆点示前翅前缘的5个白斑,蓝色、橙色、红色、绿色和紫色宽箭头分别表示前翅环形斑、肾形斑、顶角白斑、翅端暗斑和外缘黑斑,红色、蓝色、绿色、白色、黄色和橙色窄箭头分别表示前翅基部黑斑、中线黑斑、中线、倒Y型白斑、外线和亚缘线,橙色、蓝色和绿色三角形分别表示前足、中足和后足跗节,蓝色、绿色和红色星号分别表示领片、肩板和环形斑前斜带;B. 雄蛾腹面观,数字1-5示腹部第1-5可见腹节;C. 雌蛾背面观,图中标识同A;D. 雌蛾腹面观;E. 头部侧面观,红色箭头从左至右示下唇须第2、3节;F. 前足侧面观,左为雄蛾、右为雌蛾,字母a-d分别表示基节、腿节、胫节和跗节,数字1-5分别表示第1-5跗节,红色箭头示雄蛾基节毛簇;G. 跗节腹面观,蓝色箭头示第一跗节端刺。图中横线为比例尺,A-D：10 mm;E：2 mm;F：5 mm;G：0.5 mm。

Fig. 1 The external morphological characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda moths A. Dorsal view of male moth; Red dots indicating five white spots on the front edge of the forewing; Blue, orange, red, green and purple wide arrows indicating the orbicular spot, the reniform spot, the white spot at the apex, the dark spot following the white spot and the black spot around the margin of the forewing respectively; Red, blue, green, white, yellow and orange narrow arrows indicating the black spot on the base, the black spot in the middle line, the middle line, the white inverted Y spot, the outer line and the submarginal line of the forewing respectively; Orange, blue and green triangles showing tarsus of the foreleg, the middle leg and the hindleg respectively; Blue, green and red asterisks showing the collar plate, the shoulder plate and the stripe before the orbicular spot, respectively; B. Ventral view of male moth; Number 1-5 showing the visible 1st-5th abdominal segments respectively; C. Dorsal view of female moth, the figure legend refer to Fig. A; D. Ventral view of female moth; E. Dorsal view of head; Red arrows indicating the 2nd and 3rd labial palp respevtively; F. Lateral view of foreleg; Male and female forelegs in the left and right respectively; Letters a-d indicating the coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus respectively; Number 1-5 indicating the 1st-5th tarsal segments respectively; Red arrow indicating the tuft in the base of male coxa; G. Ventral view of tarsus, blue arrow indicating the terminal spine of the first tarsal segment. The horizontal lines in the drawing meaning the scales, A-D: 10 mm; E: 2 mm; F: 5 mm; G: 0.5 mm.

图2 草地贪夜蛾雄蛾 A-J为不同的雄蛾个体,图中横线为比例尺,A-J共用同一比例尺。

Fig. 2 Male moths of Spodoptera frugiperda A-J. Different male of S. frugiperda. The horizontal line in the drawing means the scale and the scale used for figures A-J.

图3 草地贪夜蛾雌蛾 A-G为不同的雌蛾个体,图中横线为比例尺,图A-G共用同一比例尺。

Fig. 3 Female moths of Spodoptera frugiperda A-G. Different female of S. frugiperda. The horizontal line in the drawing means the scale and the scale used for figures A-G.

表1 草地贪夜蛾成虫形态特征的个体差异

Table 1 Variation of morphological characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda moth

编号Number	形态特征 Morphological characters	变异类型 Variation of morphological characters
1	成虫体长Moth length	15-20 mm
2	前翅颜色Forewing color	灰色到深褐色、灰绿色 Gray to dark brown or grayish green
3	雄蛾领片颜色 Color of collar plates in male moth	均一的灰白色、灰黄色、灰褐色或者前部黑色、后部灰色Uniform grayish white, grayish yellow or grayish brown or front black and back gray
4	雄蛾肩板颜色 Color of shoulder plates in male moth	灰白色、灰黄色、灰褐色 Grayish white, grayish yellow or grayish brown
5	雄蛾前翅前缘5个浅色斑颜色 Color of 5 light spots on the front edge of male moth’s forewings	白色、灰色、灰黄色 White, gray or grayish yellow
6	雄蛾前翅中线内侧黑斑 Black spot before the midline of the male moth’s forewings	有或无With or without
7	雄蛾前翅前缘第1白斑 The first light spot on the front edge of male moth's forewings	大且长、可向臀角方向延伸至翅中部,也可以不长 Big and long, extending to middle part of wing toward to anal angle or not long
8	雄蛾前翅环形斑颜色 Color of orbicular spot of male moth’s forewings	灰褐色、红褐色、橙黄色、灰黄色 Taupe, reddish brown, orange or grayish yellow
9	雄蛾前翅环形斑内侧的暗色斜斑 The dark stripe before the orbicular spot of male moth’s forewings	长或短 Long or short
10	雄蛾前翅倒Y型白色剑形纹 The white inverted Y spot of male moth’s forewings	长或短 Long or short
11	雄蛾前翅肾形斑内测浅色斑颜色 The color of light spot before the reniform spot of male moth’s forewings	白色、灰色、灰黄色 White, gray or grayish yellow
12	雄蛾前翅顶角白斑 The white spot at the forewing apex of male moth	大小、形状和长短在不同个体间差异较大 The size, shape and length different among different individuals
编号Number	形态特征 Morphological characters	变异类型 Variation of morphological characters
13	雄蛾前翅亚缘线内侧深色斑 Dark spots on the inner side of submarginal line of male moth’s forewings	大小、颜色和形状在不同个体间差异较大 The size, shape and length different among different individuals
14	雄蛾前翅中线 Midline of male moth’s forewings	灰白色至灰褐色或无 Grayish white to grayish brown or inapparent
15	雄蛾前翅外线 Outer line of male moth’s forewings	白色、黑色、黑白双色或无 White, black, black and white or inapparent
16	雄蛾前翅基部小黑斑 Black spots on the base of male moth’s forewings	多个或无 Several or none
17	雄蛾前翅缘线和亚缘线间的黑斑形状 Shape of black spots between the marginal line and the submarginal line of male moth’s forewings	沙漏状、近方形、三角形等 Hourglass, subsquare, triangle, etc
18	雌蛾前翅的肾形斑 The reniform spot of male moth’s forewings	明显或不明显 Apparent or inapparent
19	雌蛾前翅的云状纹 Cloud pattern of the female moth’s forewings	明显或不明显 Apparent or inapparent
20	前足第2跗节背面颜色 Color of the dorsal part of the second tarsal segment of the foreleg	黑色或灰白色 Black or grayish white
21	中足第1跗节背面基部颜色 Color of the dorsal base of the first tarsal segment of the midleg	黑色或灰白色 Black or grayish white

表1 草地贪夜蛾成虫形态特征的个体差异

Table 1 Variation of morphological characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda moth

编号Number	形态特征 Morphological characters	变异类型 Variation of morphological characters
1	成虫体长Moth length	15-20 mm
2	前翅颜色Forewing color	灰色到深褐色、灰绿色 Gray to dark brown or grayish green
3	雄蛾领片颜色 Color of collar plates in male moth	均一的灰白色、灰黄色、灰褐色或者前部黑色、后部灰色Uniform grayish white, grayish yellow or grayish brown or front black and back gray
4	雄蛾肩板颜色 Color of shoulder plates in male moth	灰白色、灰黄色、灰褐色 Grayish white, grayish yellow or grayish brown
5	雄蛾前翅前缘5个浅色斑颜色 Color of 5 light spots on the front edge of male moth’s forewings	白色、灰色、灰黄色 White, gray or grayish yellow
6	雄蛾前翅中线内侧黑斑 Black spot before the midline of the male moth’s forewings	有或无With or without
7	雄蛾前翅前缘第1白斑 The first light spot on the front edge of male moth's forewings	大且长、可向臀角方向延伸至翅中部,也可以不长 Big and long, extending to middle part of wing toward to anal angle or not long
8	雄蛾前翅环形斑颜色 Color of orbicular spot of male moth’s forewings	灰褐色、红褐色、橙黄色、灰黄色 Taupe, reddish brown, orange or grayish yellow
9	雄蛾前翅环形斑内侧的暗色斜斑 The dark stripe before the orbicular spot of male moth’s forewings	长或短 Long or short
10	雄蛾前翅倒Y型白色剑形纹 The white inverted Y spot of male moth’s forewings	长或短 Long or short
11	雄蛾前翅肾形斑内测浅色斑颜色 The color of light spot before the reniform spot of male moth’s forewings	白色、灰色、灰黄色 White, gray or grayish yellow
12	雄蛾前翅顶角白斑 The white spot at the forewing apex of male moth	大小、形状和长短在不同个体间差异较大 The size, shape and length different among different individuals
编号Number	形态特征 Morphological characters	变异类型 Variation of morphological characters
13	雄蛾前翅亚缘线内侧深色斑 Dark spots on the inner side of submarginal line of male moth’s forewings	大小、颜色和形状在不同个体间差异较大 The size, shape and length different among different individuals
14	雄蛾前翅中线 Midline of male moth’s forewings	灰白色至灰褐色或无 Grayish white to grayish brown or inapparent
15	雄蛾前翅外线 Outer line of male moth’s forewings	白色、黑色、黑白双色或无 White, black, black and white or inapparent
16	雄蛾前翅基部小黑斑 Black spots on the base of male moth’s forewings	多个或无 Several or none
17	雄蛾前翅缘线和亚缘线间的黑斑形状 Shape of black spots between the marginal line and the submarginal line of male moth’s forewings	沙漏状、近方形、三角形等 Hourglass, subsquare, triangle, etc
18	雌蛾前翅的肾形斑 The reniform spot of male moth’s forewings	明显或不明显 Apparent or inapparent
19	雌蛾前翅的云状纹 Cloud pattern of the female moth’s forewings	明显或不明显 Apparent or inapparent
20	前足第2跗节背面颜色 Color of the dorsal part of the second tarsal segment of the foreleg	黑色或灰白色 Black or grayish white
21	中足第1跗节背面基部颜色 Color of the dorsal base of the first tarsal segment of the midleg	黑色或灰白色 Black or grayish white

图4 草地贪夜蛾雄性外生殖器 A．阳基,1：爪形突,2：背兜,3：抱器瓣,4：基腹弧,5：阳茎基环;B. 阳茎;C. 左抱器瓣背面;a：抱器腹,b：抱器背,c：抱器内突,d：连接抱器腹和抱器内突的长骨杆;D. 瘤状突（红色箭头）和抱器背突（蓝色箭头）;E. 阳茎基环。图中横线为比例尺：A. 1 mm; B. 1 mm; C. 0.6 mm; D. 0.1 mm; E. 0.3 mm。

Fig. 4 The phallobase of Spodoptera frugiperda A. Phallobase, 1: Uncus, 2: Tegumen, 3: Valvae, 4: Vinculum, 5: Juxta; B. Aedeagus; C. The dorsal view of the left valve, a: Sacculus; b: Costa, c: Ampulla, d: The long rod connecting sacculus and ampulla; D. Clavus (red arrow) and costal process (blue arrow); E. Juxta; The horizontal lines in the drawing meaning scales: A. 1 mm; B. 1 mm; C. 0.6 mm; D. 0.1 mm; E. 0.3 mm.

图5 草地贪夜蛾交配囊 A. 交配囊;B. 囊突;C. 囊孔和囊导管,a：交配囊体;b：囊导管;c：囊孔;d：附囊;e：导精管;f：囊突。图中横线为比例尺,A：1 mm;B：0.4 mm：C：1 mm。

Fig. 5 The bursa copulatrix of Spodoptera frugiperda A. Bursa copulatrix; B. Signum; C. Ostium bursa and ductus bursae, a: Corpus bursae; b: Ductus bursae; c: Ostium bursa; d: Appendix bursae; e: Ductus seminalis; f. Signum. The horizontal lines in the drawing meaning scales, A: 1 mm; B. 0.4 mm: C. 1 mm.

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