Landscape diversity regulates diamondback moth populations on small spatial scales

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.010

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objectives] To develop a sustainable method for controlling the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which inflicts serious damage on cruciferous vegetable crops, by investigating the effects of landscape diversity on DBM and predatory spider populations. [Methods] Sampling sites were chosen based on an increasing diversity gradient in Fujian Province and the landscape composition was analyzed at radii of 25, 50, 100 m. The effect of landscape diversity on DBM abundance, fecundity and crop damage, and on spider abundance, was analyzed. [Results] DBM abundance decreased significantly as the percentage of natural habitat increased. Its fecundity was highest in landscapes with moderate diversity but there was no significant landscape effect on crop damage. Spider abundance had the opposite trend. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates negative correlations between the percentage of grassland, forest and water and DBM abundance. [Conclusion] Improving landscape diversity, specifically maintaining more grassland, is an effective way of controlling DBM at spatial scales less than 100 m.

Key words: diamondback moth, abundance, natural habitat, natural enemies, sustainable control

Jie ZHANG, Wei-Yi HE, Guang YANG, Bin HUANG, You-Ming HOU. Landscape diversity regulates diamondback moth populations on small spatial scales[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 88-98.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 The location of investigated district in Fujian Province Map downloaded from National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Services http://www.tianditu.gov.cn/.

Fig. 2 The distribution of different patches in sampling sites

Fig. 3 Landscape analysis of sampling sites at different spatial scales

Table 1 Analysis of the sampling sites in Zhangpu and Jianou

多样性指标 Landscape diversity index		采样点A Sampling site A			采样点B Sampling site B			采样点C Sampling site C
多样性指标 Landscape diversity index		25 m	50 m	100 m	25 m	50 m	100 m	25 m	50 m	100 m
漳浦 Zhangpu	自然生境比例 Percentage of natural area	3%	24%	25%	42%	51%	49%	46%	55%	53%
漳浦 Zhangpu	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	0.10	0.62	0.73	0.93	1.03	1.13	0.98	1.06	1.36
建瓯 Jianou	自然生境比例 Percentage of natural area	12%	9%	21%	23%	46%	44%	40%	56%	61%
建瓯 Jianou	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	0.37	0.30	0.70	0.54	1.04	1.54	1.15	1.51	1.62

Fig. 4 The abundance of adult Plutella xylostella in different landscapes A. The abundance of P. xylostella along different percentage of natural habitat; B. The abundance of P. xylostella along the Shannon-Wiener index.

Fig. 5 The fecundity and feeding amount of Plutella xylostella collected from different landscapes A. The change of fecundity along the percentage of natural habitat; B. The change of feeding amount along the percentage of natural habitat.

Fig. 6 The abundance of spiders in different landscapes

Fig. 7 Principal component analysis for landscape factors in the fields

Fig. 8 The abundance of Plutella xylostella along the distance to natural habitats

References 51

[1]	Alignier A, Raymond L, Deconchat M, Menozzi P, Monteil C, Sarthou JP, Vialatte A, Ouin A , 2014. The effect of semi-natural habitats on aphids and their natural enemies across spatial and temporal scales. Biological Control, 77:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.06.006 URL
[2]	Altieri MA , 1994. Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems. New York: Haworth Press. 185.
[3]	Bird TL, Krüger K , 2006. Response of the polyphagous whitefly Bemisia tabaci B-biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to crop diversification-influence of multiple sensory stimuli on activity and fecundity. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 96(1):15-23. doi: 10.1079/ber2005398 URL pmid: 16441901
[4]	Bommarco R, Kleijn D, Potts SG , 2013. Ecological intensification: Harnessing ecosystem services for food security. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(4):230-238. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.012 URL pmid: 23153724
[5]	Chaplin-Kramer R, O’Rourke ME, Blitzer EJ, Kremen C , 2011. A meta-analysis of crop pest and natural enemy response to landscape complexity. Ecology Letters, 14(9):922-932. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01642.x URL pmid: 21707902
[6]	Chen JH, Fu DM, Zou Y, Xiao HJ, Hou LL, Wope W , 2016. Population between agricultural landscape composition and population density of Chrmatomyia horticola during oil seed rape bloom, Plant Protection, 42(5):165-170.
	[ 陈俊晖, 付道猛, 邹怡, 肖海军, 侯玲玲, Wope van de Wer , 2016. 油菜花期潜叶蝇的发生与农业景观的关系, 植物保护, 42(5):165-170.]
[7]	Chisholm PJ, Gardiner MM, Moon EG, Crowder DW , 2014. Tools and techniques for investigating impacts of habitat complexity on biological control. Biological Control, 75:48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.02.003 URL
[8]	Concepción ED, Díaz M, Baquero RA , 2008. Effects of landscape complexity on the ecological effectiveness of agri-environment schemes. Landscape Ecology, 23(2):135-148. doi: 10.1007/s10980-007-9150-2 URL
[9]	Couty A, Emden HV, Perry JN, Hardie JM, Pickett JA, Wadhams LJ , 2006. The roles of olfaction and vision in host-plant finding by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Physiological Entomology, 31(2):134-145.
[10]	Crowder DW, Jabbour R , 2014. Relationships between biodiversity and biological control in agroecosystems: Current status and future challenges. Biological Control, 75:8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.10.010 URL
[11]	Fox CW, Lalonde RG , 1993. Host confusion and the evolution of insect diet breadths. Oikos, 67(3):577-581. doi: 10.2307/3545371 URL
[12]	Fu XW, Xing ZL, Liu ZF, Ali A, Wu KM , 2014. Migration of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, across the Bohai Sea in northern China. Crop Protection, 64:143-149. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.06.021 URL
[13]	Furlong MJ, Wright DJ, Dosdall LM , 2013. Diamondback moth ecology and management: Problems, progress, and prospects. Annual Review of Entomology, 58:517-541. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153605 URL pmid: 23020617
[14]	Gardiner MM, Landis DA, Gratton C, DiFonzo CD, O'Neal M, Chacon JM, Wayo MT, Schmidt NP, Mueller EE, Heimpel GE , 2009. Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central USA. Ecological Applications, 19(1):143-154. doi: 10.1890/07-1265.1 URL pmid: 19323179
[15]	Gibbs M, Dyck VH , 2010. Butterfly flight activity affects reproductive performance and longevity relative to landscape structure. Oecologia, 163(2):341-350. doi: 10.1007/s00442-010-1613-5 URL pmid: 20372930
[16]	Gilabert A, Gauffre B, Parisey N, Gallic JF, Lhomme P, Bretagnolle V, Dedryver CA, Baudry J, Plantegenest M , 2017. Influence of the surrounding landscape on the colonization rate of cereal aphids and phytovirus transmission in autumn. Journal of Pest Science, 90(2):447-457.
[17]	Grab H, Danforth B, Poveda K, Loeb G , 2018. Landscape simplification reduces classical biological control and crop yield. Ecological Applications, 28(2):348-355. doi: 10.1002/eap.1651 URL pmid: 29345735
[18]	Gurr GM, Wratten SD, Landis DA, You MS , 2017. Habitat management to suppress pest populations: Progress and prospects. Annual Review of Entomology, 62(1):91-109.
[19]	Higgins PAT , 2007. Biodiversity loss under existing land use and climate change: An illustration using northern South America. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16(2):197-204.
[20]	Holland JM, Bianchi FJ, Entling MH, Moonen AC, Smith BM, Jeanneret P , 2016. Structure, function and management of semi-natural habitats for conservation biological control: A review of European studies. Pest Management Science, 72(9):1638-1651. URL pmid: 27178745
[21]	Huang B, Hou YM , 2014. Feasibility of controlling field populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), via host interference. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 57(4):460-465.
	[ 黄斌, 侯有明 , 2014. 利用寄主干扰效应防控小菜蛾田间种群的有效性. 昆虫学报, 57(4):460-465.]
[22]	Huang B, Shi ZH, Hou YM , 2014. Host selection behavior and the fecundity of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on multiple host plants. Journal of Insect Science, doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu113. URL pmid: 32396201
[23]	Huang B, Shi ZH, Hou YM , 2019. Tradeoff between triglyceride consumption and ovariole development in Plutella xylostella (L.) released in mixed-host environments. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(4):167-174.
[24]	Jonsen ID, Fahrig L , 1997. Response of generalist and specialist insect herbivores to landscape spatial structure. Landscape Ecology, 12(3):185-197.
[25]	Letourneau DK, Jedlicka JA, Bothwell SG, Moreno CR , 2009. Effects of natural enemy biodiversity on the suppression of arthropod herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 40(1):573-592.
[26]	Li ZY, Chen HY, Bao HL, Hu ZD, Yin F, Lin QS, Zhou XM, Wu QJ, Chen AD, Wu YD, Hou YM, He YR, Li JH, Xie SH, Zhang JM, Fu W, Ma CS, Feng X , 2016. Progress in research on managing regional pesticide resistance in the diamondback moth in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 53(2):247-255.
	[ 李振宇, 陈焕瑜, 包华理, 胡珍娣, 尹飞, 林庆胜, 周小毛, 吴青君, 谌爱东, 吴益东, 侯有明, 何余容, 李建洪, 谢圣华, 章金明, 符伟, 马春森, 冯夏 , 2016. 小菜蛾区域性抗药性治理技术研究—公益性行业(农业)科研专项 “十字花科小菜蛾综合防控技术研究与示范推广”研究进展. 应用昆虫学报, 53(2):247-255.]
[27]	Li ZY, Feng X, Liu SS, You MS, Furlong MJ , 2016. Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth in China. Annual Review of Entomology, 61(1):277-296.
[28]	Liu SS, Li YH, Lou YG , 2006. Non-host plant extracts reduce oviposition of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and enhance parasitism by its parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 96(4):373-378. URL pmid: 16923205
[29]	Mo J, Baker G, Keller M, Roush R , 2003. Local dispersal of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (L.))(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Environmental Entomology, 32(1):71-79.
[30]	Mutiga SK, Gohole LS, Auma EO , 2010. Effects of integrating companion cropping and nitrogen application on the performance and infestation of collards by Brevicoryne brassicae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 134(3):234-244.
[31]	Nwilene FE, Onasanya A, Togola A, Oyetunji O , 2011. Effect of intercropping maize and cassava with upland NERICA rice varieties on stemborer attack in Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Entomology, 8(5):417-428.
[32]	Ortega M, Pascual S , 2014. Spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between landscape structure and the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 16(1):14-23.
[33]	Root RB , 1973. Organization of a plain-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: The fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecological Monographs, 43(1):95-124.
[34]	Rusch A, Chaplin-Kramer R, Gardiner MM, Hawro V, Holland J, Landis DA, Thies C, Tscharntke T, Weisser WW, Winqvist C, Woltz M, Bommarco R , 2016. Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: A quantitative synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 100(221):198-204.
[35]	Shelton AM, Badenes-Perez FR , 2006. Concepts and applications of trap cropping in pest management. Annual Review of Entomology, 51:285-308. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.150959 URL pmid: 16332213
[36]	Shirai Y , 1995. Longevity, flight ability and reproductive performance of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), related to adult body size. Researches on Population Ecology, 37(2):269-277.
[37]	Song B, Zhang J, Hu J, Wu H, Kong Y, Yao Y , 2011. Temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants. Pest Management Science, 67(9):1107-1114. URL pmid: 21480464
[38]	Thies C, Haenke S, Scherber C, Bengtsson J, Bommarco R, Clement LW, Ceryngier P, Dennis C, Emmerson M, Gagic V, Hawro V, Liira J, Weisser WW, Winqvist C, Tscharntke T , 2011. The relationship between agricultural intensification and biological control: Experimental tests across Europe. Ecological Applications, 21(6):2187-2196. doi: 10.1890/10-0929.1 URL pmid: 21939053
[39]	Thies C, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T , 2003. Effects of landscape context on herbivory and parasitism at different spatial scales. Oikos, 101(1):18-25. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12567.x URL
[40]	Thies C, Tscharntke T , 1999. Landscape structure and biological control in agroecosystems. Science, 285(5429):893-895. doi: 10.1126/science.285.5429.893 URL pmid: 10436158
[41]	Togni PHB, Venzon M, Souza LM, Santos JP, Sujii ER , 2019. Biodiversity provides whitefly biological control based on farm management. Journal of Pest Science, 92(2):393-403.
[42]	Tscharntke T, Tylianakis JM, Rand TA, Didham RK, Fahrig L, Batary P, Bengtsson J, Clough Y, Crist TO, Dormann CF, Ewers RM, Frund J, Holt RD, Holzschuh A, Klein AM, Kleijn D, Kremen C, Landis DA, Laurance W, Lindenmayer D, Scherber C, Sodhi N, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C, Putten WH, Westphal C , 2012. Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes‐eight hypotheses. Biological reviews, 87(3):661-685. URL pmid: 22272640
[43]	Turner MG , 2005. Landscape ecology North America: Past, present, and future. Ecology, 86(8):1967-1974.
[44]	Wu JG , 2007. Landscape Ecology: Pattern, Process, Scale and Hierarchy(2nd edition). Higher Education Press. 13-16.
	[ 邬建国 , 2007. 景观生态学:格局、过程尺度与等级(第二版). 高等教育出版社. 13-16.]
[45]	Yang L, Xu L, Liu B, Lu YH , 2016. Effects of landscape pattern on the occurrence of ladybeetles in wheat fields in northern China. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 53(3):612-620.
	[ 杨龙, 徐磊, 刘冰, 陆宴辉 , 2016. 农田景观格局对华北地区麦田早期瓢虫种群发生的影响. 应用昆虫学报, 53(3):612-620.]
[46]	You MS, Hou YM, Liu YF, Yang G, Li ZS, Cai HJ , 2004. Non-crop habitat manipulation and integrated pest management in agroecosystems. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2004.
	[ 尤民生, 侯有明, 刘雨芳, 杨广, 李志胜, 蔡鸿娇 , 2004. 农田非作物生境调控与害虫综合治理. 昆虫学报, 47(2):260-268.]
[47]	You MS, Wei H , 2007. Study on the Diamondback Moth. Benjing: China Agricultural Press. 12-14.
	[ 尤民生, 魏辉 , 2007. 小菜蛾的研究. 北京: 中国农业出版社. 12-14.]
[48]	Zhao S, Song B, Ding SY, Hou XY, Liu XB, Tang Q, Wang R , 2017. Effects of landscape structure and habitat characteristics on spider diversity in the agro-landscape along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37(6):1816-1825.
	[ 赵爽, 宋博, 丁圣彦, 侯笑云, 刘晓博, 汤茜, 王润 , 2017. 黄河下游农业景观中景观结构和生境特征对林表生蜘蛛多样性的影响. 生态学报, 37(6):1816-1825.]
[49]	Zhao ZH, Ouyang F, He DH , 2012a. Edge effects and splillover effects of natural enemies on different habitat interfaces of agricultural landscape. Scientia Sinica Vitae, 42(10):825-840.
	[ 赵紫华, 欧阳芳, 贺达汉 , 2012 a. 农业景观中不同生境界面麦蚜天敌的边缘效应与溢出效应. 中国科学: 生命科学, 42(10):825-840.]
[50]	Zhao ZH, Shi Y, He DH, Hang J, Zhao YS, Wang Y , 2010. Population dynamics of wheat aphids in different agricultural landscapes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30(23):6380-6388.
	[ 赵紫华, 石云, 贺达汉, 杭佳, 赵映书, 王颖 , 2010. 不同农业景观结构对麦蚜种群动态的影响. 生态学报, 30(23):6380-6388.]
[51]	Zhao ZH, Wang Y, He DH, Guan XQ, Xing M , 2012 b. Effects of landscape structure and key landscape factors on aphids- parasitoids-hyperparasitoids populations in wheat fields. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(2):472-482. doi: 10.5846/stxb URL
	[ 赵紫华, 王颖, 贺达汉, 关晓庆, 辛明 , 2012b. 麦蚜和寄生蜂对农业景观格局的响应及其关键景观因子分析. 生态学报, 32(2):472-482.]