The incompatibility of using both insecticides and Cotesia chilonis to control Chilo suppressalis in the field

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.094

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objectives] Increasing crop damage by Chilo suppressalis (Walker) in recent years poses a major threat to rice production. Due to the resistance of C. suppressalis to multiple pesticides, the parasitic wasp Cotesia chilonis is gradually becoming more popular as a biological control for the larvae of C. suppressalis in the field. The aim of this study was to clarify the ability of insectary-reared C. chilonis to control C. suppressalis in the field, and investigate the effects of various environmentally-friendly pesticides on both C. suppressalis and C. chilonis. [Methods] The number of dead heart leaves, white ears and dead boot stages of rice, and the number of live C. suppressalis larvae, following releases of two different densities (125 and 250 cocoons) of C. chilonis and seven different pesticide treatments, was quantified and to compared. [Results] Both densities of C. chilonis reduced C. suppressalis damage to the rice plants; there was no significant difference between the two densities of C. chilonis in this respect, although more C. suppressalis were parasitized after the higher density of C. chilonis were released. Among the different pesticide treatments, cyantraniliprole was the best, followed by chlorantraniliprole, and Bacillus thuringiensis and dimehypo were the worst. There were also large differences in the effectiveness of different doses of cyantraniliprole. The high parasitic rate was found where C. chilonis was released but all pesticide treatments significantly reduced the number of C. suppressalis larvae parasitized by C. chilonis. [Conclusion] C. chilonis can effectively control C. suppressalis in the field, but the optimal density and methodology of releasing C. chilonis requires further investigation. Although C. suppressalis were parasitized by C. chilonis where the later were released, all seven insecticides tested significantly reduced the proportion of C. suppressalis that were parasitized, indicating that the use of these pesticides is incompatible with the release of C. chilonis as a biological control. The control of C. suppressalis should consider not only the pesticide dosages required to control this pest, but also potential pesticide damage to its natural enemies and the environment as a whole. The results of this experiment provide both a theoretical and practical basis for the subsequent establishment of a more environmentally-friendly strategy for controlling C. suppressalis based on the use of C. chilonis as a biological control.

Key words: Chilo suppressalis, Cotesia chilonis, control, pesticide, parasitic rate

Fu-Jing HE, Feng ZHU, Wei-Fei YAN, Ming-Xing LU, San-Bao HANG, Yu-Zhou DU. The incompatibility of using both insecticides and Cotesia chilonis to control Chilo suppressalis in the field[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(4): 921-929.

Figures/Tables 5

References 22

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处理编号 Treatments number	药剂名称 Pesticides name	制剂用量 Preparations dosage
1	25%杀虫双水剂 25% dimehypo aqueous solution	750 a.i.g/hm²
2	4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂 4 000 IU/μL Bacillus thuringiensis suspension	1 875 mL/hm²
3	1.8%阿维菌素乳油 1.8% abamectin emulsion	600 mL/hm²
4	40%毒死蜱乳油 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion	1 500 mL/hm²
5	200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole suspension	150 mL/hm²
6	19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂 19% cyantraniliprole suspension	150 mL/hm²
7	19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂 19% cyantraniliprole suspension	225 mL/hm²
8	清水 Water	—

处理编号 Treatments number	药剂名称 Pesticides name	制剂用量 Preparations dosage
1	25%杀虫双水剂 25% dimehypo aqueous solution	750 a.i.g/hm²
2	4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂 4 000 IU/μL Bacillus thuringiensis suspension	1 875 mL/hm²
3	1.8%阿维菌素乳油 1.8% abamectin emulsion	600 mL/hm²
4	40%毒死蜱乳油 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion	1 500 mL/hm²
5	200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole suspension	150 mL/hm²
6	19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂 19% cyantraniliprole suspension	150 mL/hm²
7	19%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂 19% cyantraniliprole suspension	225 mL/hm²
8	清水 Water	—

放蜂日期 Date of releasing C. chilonis	危害指标及防效 Injury index and control effect	处理1 Treatment 1	处理2 Treatment 2	对照 Control
放蜂日8.16 The day of releasing C. chilonis August 16^th	平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart	17.60±3.70^a	20.00±4.09a	16.50±4.50a
放蜂后7 d Seven days after releasing C. chilonis	平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart	21.00±3.08^b	21.20±3.85^b	38.50±4.50^a
放蜂后7 d Seven days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	45.45±8.00^a	44.93±10.01^a	0^b
放蜂后14 d Fourteen days after releasing C. chilonis	平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart	22.60±2.50^a	29.00±2.88^a	34.00±9.00^a
放蜂后14 d Fourteen days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	33.59±7.33^a	14.71±8.47^ab	0^b
放蜂后21 d Twenty-one days after releasing C. chilonis	平均白穗数 The average number of white head	13.80±2.73^b	15.60±1.54^ab	24.00±1.00_a
放蜂后21 d Twenty-one days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	42.50±11.37^a	35.00±6.40^a	0^b
放蜂后28 d Twenty-eight days after C. chilonis	平均枯穗数 The average number of dead head	17.20±3.84^a	19.60±3.53^a	31.00±4.00^a
放蜂后28 d Twenty-eight days after C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	44.51±12.38^a	36.78±11.39^a	0^b
放蜂后35 d Thirty-five days after releasing C. chilonis	平均残活虫数 The average number of residual larvae	18.20±2.78^b	15.60±4.61^b	32.50±4.50^b
放蜂后35 d Thirty-five days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	44.00±8.46_a	52.00±14.19^a	0^b

放蜂日期 Date of releasing C. chilonis	危害指标及防效 Injury index and control effect	处理1 Treatment 1	处理2 Treatment 2	对照 Control
放蜂日8.16 The day of releasing C. chilonis August 16^th	平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart	17.60±3.70^a	20.00±4.09a	16.50±4.50a
放蜂后7 d Seven days after releasing C. chilonis	平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart	21.00±3.08^b	21.20±3.85^b	38.50±4.50^a
放蜂后7 d Seven days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	45.45±8.00^a	44.93±10.01^a	0^b
放蜂后14 d Fourteen days after releasing C. chilonis	平均枯心数 The average number of dead heart	22.60±2.50^a	29.00±2.88^a	34.00±9.00^a
放蜂后14 d Fourteen days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	33.59±7.33^a	14.71±8.47^ab	0^b
放蜂后21 d Twenty-one days after releasing C. chilonis	平均白穗数 The average number of white head	13.80±2.73^b	15.60±1.54^ab	24.00±1.00_a
放蜂后21 d Twenty-one days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	42.50±11.37^a	35.00±6.40^a	0^b
放蜂后28 d Twenty-eight days after C. chilonis	平均枯穗数 The average number of dead head	17.20±3.84^a	19.60±3.53^a	31.00±4.00^a
放蜂后28 d Twenty-eight days after C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	44.51±12.38^a	36.78±11.39^a	0^b
放蜂后35 d Thirty-five days after releasing C. chilonis	平均残活虫数 The average number of residual larvae	18.20±2.78^b	15.60±4.61^b	32.50±4.50^b
放蜂后35 d Thirty-five days after releasing C. chilonis	防效±SE (%) Control effect ±SE (%)	44.00±8.46_a	52.00±14.19^a	0^b

供试药剂 Test pesticides	螟害株数 Injured seedling number	残留活虫数 Residual larvae number	防效（%） Control effect (%)
25%杀虫双水剂 25% dimehypo aqueous solution	10.75±4.37^a	25.75±4.87^ab	23.70±14.43^c
4 000 IU/μL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂 4 000 IU/μL bacillus thuringiensis suspension	3.25±1.65^ab	12.00±3.08^ab	64.45±9.13a^b
1.8%阿维菌素乳油 1.8% abamectin emulsion	9.75±1.49^ab	11.25±1.44^ab	66.67±4.26a^b
40%毒死蜱乳油 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion	7.00±1.58^ab	19.50±2.02^ab	42.22±5.99b^c
200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole suspension	3.50±1.19^ab	8.50±2.22^ab	74.82±6.57^ab
19%溴氰虫酰胺150 mL/hm²19% cyantraniliprole suspension 10 mL/hm²	5.50±1.32^ab	8.50±0.65^ab	74.82±1.91^ab
19%溴氰虫酰胺225 mL/hm²19% cyantraniliprole suspension 15 mL/hm²	1.00±0.41^b	5.50±1.04^b	83.71±3.08^a
对照区 Control	7.75±1.18^ab	33.75±5.63^a	—