内共生菌Rickettsia对烟粉虱生物学特性的影响 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.095

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 阐明次生共生菌Rickettsia对烟粉虱生物学特性的影响。【方法】 Rickettsia阳性（B ⁺）和阴性（B ^-）的烟粉虱在Rickettsia阳性棉花（C ⁺）和阴性棉花（C ^-）上取食15 d,调查不同处理组烟粉虱的单雌产卵量、发育历期、存活率、成虫寿命以及F₁代雌雄比。【结果】 （1）Rickettsia与烟粉虱共生可显著缩短烟粉虱的发育历期,B ⁺C ⁺及B ⁺C ^-两处理组烟粉虱卵-成虫的世代发育历期均短于B ^-C ⁺及B ^-C ^-两处理组。（2）Rickettsia可以提高烟粉虱各龄期的存活率,B ⁺C ⁺、B ⁺C ^-、B ^-C ⁺、B ^-C ^-各处理组烟粉虱世代存活率依次呈下降趋势。（3）Rickettsia对烟粉虱种群的雌雄比也有重要的影响,B ^-C ⁺和B ^-C ^-处理组中烟粉虱种群雌性比显著小于B ⁺C ⁺和B ⁺C ^-烟粉虱处理组。（4）Rickettsia可以影响烟粉虱成虫的寿命及繁殖力,Rickettsia阳性烟粉虱处理组成虫寿命及平均单雌产卵量显著高于阴性处理组。【结论】Rickettsia与烟粉虱共生以及Rickettsia在棉花植株中的存留对烟粉虱的发育、存活以及成虫雌性比、寿命和繁殖力都有有利影响,且Rickettsia与烟粉虱共生时对烟粉虱的影响力度要明显强于Rickettsia存留于棉花植株中时对烟粉虱产生的影响。

关键词: 烟粉虱, 共生菌, Rickettsia, 发育历期, 繁殖力, 存活率

Abstract:

[Objectives] To elucidate the effects of infection with the secondary symbiotic bacteria Rickettsia on the ecological characteristics of whitefly Bemisia tabaci. [Methods] Cotton was selected as the experimental plant. Rickettsia- positive (B ⁺) and negative B. tabaci (B ^-) were allowed to feed on plants for 15 d. Plants on which B ⁺insects had fed were regarded as Rickettsia persistent plants (C ⁺) and those on which B ^-insects had fed were regarded as Rickettsia-free plants (C ^-). The developmental time and survival rate of B. tabaci nymphs feeding on these two types of cotton plants, and their subsequent fecundity and longevity as adults, was quantified and compared. [Results] Rickettsia can significantly shorten the developmental time of B. tabaci. The generational time of the B ⁺C ⁺ and B ⁺C ^- treatment groups was around 17-18d, whereas that of the B ^-C ⁺ and B ^-C ^- treatment groups was around 21-23 d. Rickettsia can also significantly increase the survival of B. tabaci; survival rates from egg to adult of the B ⁺C ⁺, B ⁺C ^-, B ^-C ⁺ and B ^-C ^- treatment groups were 75.00%, 70.00%, 56.67% and 41.67%, respectively. Rickettsia also significantly increases the number of female offspring produced by B. tabaci. The number of female offspring produced by the B ^-C ^-and B ^-C ⁺treatment groups was significantly lower than that produced by the B ⁺C ⁺and B ⁺C ^-treatment groups. Furthermore, Rickettsia also affects the longevity and fecundity of B. tabaci. The longevity and average fecundity per female of the B ⁺C ⁺, B ⁺C ^- treatment groups were significantly greater than those of the B ^-C ^- and B ^-C ⁺ treatment groups. [Conclusion] The symbiosis of Rickettsia in B. tabaci, and the persistence of Rickettsia in cotton plants, benefit the development and survival of whitefly nymphs, increase the number of female offspring produced and improve the longevity and reproduction of whitefly adults. In terms of its influence on B. tabaci biology, the symbiosis between Rickettsia and B. tabaci is more important than the persistence of Rickettsia in cotton plants.

Key words: Bemisia tabaci, symbiotic bacteria, Rickettsia, developmental duration, fecundity, survival rate

王紫淇, 刘媛, 师沛琼, 安璇, 邱宝利. 内共生菌Rickettsia对烟粉虱生物学特性的影响 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(4): 930-937.

Zi-Qi WANG, Yuan LIU, Pei-Qiong SHI, Xuan AN, Bao-Li QIU. Effects of Rickettsia infection on the ecological characteristics of whitefly Bemisia tabaci[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(4): 930-937.

图/表 5

图1 不同处理中烟粉虱与棉花植株体内Rickettsia的PCR检测 M: DNA分子量marker;1：Portiera阳性对照;2：ddH2O阴性对照;3：Rickettsia阳性烟粉虱（B+）;4：Rickettsia阳性棉花植株（C+）;5：Rickettsia阴性烟粉虱（B-）;6：Rickettsia阴性棉花植株（C-）。

Fig. 1 PCR detection of Rickettsia in different Bemisia tabaci and cotton treatments M: Molecular weight; 1: Portiera; 2: ddH2O; 3: Rickettsia- positive Bemisia tabaci (B+); 4: Rickettsia-positive cotton plants (C+); 5: Rickettsia-negative Bemisia tabaci (B-); 6: Rickettsia-negative cotton plants (C-).

图2 Rickettsia感染或存留对烟粉虱生长发育的影响 A. 烟粉虱卵的发育历期;B. 若虫-伪蛹发育历期;C.卵-成虫发育历期。图中数据为平均值±标准误,柱上标有不同字母表示在P?0.05水平上差异显著。下图同。

Fig. 2 Effects of Rickettsia on the developmental of Bemisia tabaci A. Developmental time of B. tabaci egg; B. Developmental time of B. tabaci nymph, pre-pupa; C. Developmental time of B. tabaci egg-adult. Data in the figure are mean±SE. Histograms with different letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level. The same below.

图3 Rickettsia对烟粉虱各个虫龄发育存活率的影响 A.烟粉虱卵的存活率;B. 若虫-伪蛹的存活率;C. 卵-成虫的存活率。

Fig. 3 Effect of Rickettsia on the survival rate of Bemisia tabaci different instars A. The survivals of B. tabaci egg; B. The survivals of nymph, pre-pupa; C. The survivals of egg-adult.

图4 Rickettsia对烟粉虱繁殖力的影响 A. 烟粉虱成虫性比;B. 烟粉虱成虫平均寿命;C. 烟粉虱平均单雌产卵量。

Fig. 4 Effects of Rickettsia on the reproductive of Bemisia tabaci A. The female percentage; B. Averaged longevity; C. Fecundity of B. tabaci F1 generation.

图5 不同处理中烟粉虱成虫的逐日存活率

Fig. 5 Daily survival rate of Bemisia tabaci F1 generation in different treatments

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