外源海藻糖对水稻生理生化及褐飞虱抗性的影响 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 海藻糖参与植物对逆境胁迫的响应与适应过程,本文旨在明确海藻糖对水稻生理生化特性及抗褐飞虱影响,将有助于全面探索海藻糖对水稻的潜在作用,为后续研究提供参考和依据。 【方法】 本实验在外施10 mmol?L ^–1和50 mmol?L ^–1浓度的海藻糖后,测定水稻超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性,丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性糖含量,褐飞虱取食后植株功能损失系数（FPLI）及利用刺吸电位技术（EPG）研究褐飞虱的取食行为。【结果】外施10 mmol?L ^–1和50 mmol?L ^–1浓度的海藻糖后,POD活性和可溶性糖含量显著上升,MDA含量显著下降,并且显著提高了水稻植株的功能损失指数,EPG结果发现海藻糖处理明显增加了N4波的持续时间。【结论】 适量的海藻糖改善水稻抗非生物胁迫的能力,但并不有利于对褐飞虱抗性的提高。

关键词: 海藻糖, 水稻, 生理生化, 褐飞虱, 抗虫性

Abstract:

[Objectives] Trehalose is involved in the response and adaptation of plants to stress. This article aims to clarify the effect of trehalose on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice and resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), which will help to fully explore the potential role of trehalose on rice and provide reference and basis for subsequent research. [Methods] The effects of trehalose on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice, including its resistance to the brown planthopper were investigated after treatment with 10 mmol?L ^–1 and 50 mmol?L ^–1 trehalose; specifically, the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble sugar content. In addition, the functional plant loss index (FPLI) after BPH had fed on rice plants and the effects of trehalose treatment on BPH feeding behavior were investigated with an electrical penetration graph (EPG). [Results] The results showed that after applying trehalose at a concentration of 10 mmol·L ^–1 and 50 mmol·L ^–1, the POD activity and soluble sugar content increased significantly, the MDA content decreased significantly, and the function loss index of rice plants was significantly improved. EPG results found that trehalose treatment significantly increased the duration of the N4 wave. [Conclusion] Although appropriate levels of trehalose can improve the resistance of rice to abiotic stress, it does not improve the resistance of rice to BPH.

Key words: trehalose, rice, physiology and biochemistry, brown planthopper, rice resistance to pest

孙李曈, 冯玲, 刘子睿, 徐小伟, 刘景澜. 外源海藻糖对水稻生理生化及褐飞虱抗性的影响 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(4): 814-822.

Li-Tong SUN, Ling FENG, Zi-Rui LIU, Xiao-Wei XU, Jing-Lan LIU. Effects of trehalose on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice, including resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(4): 814-822.

图/表 4

表1 水稻苗期对褐飞虱的抗性鉴定标准（巫国瑞等,1986）

Table 1 Identification criteria of rice resistance to brown planthopper at seedling stage (Wu et al., 1986)

苗期受害等级（级） Injury grade at seedling stage (level)	国际水稻研究所标准 The standard of International Rice Research Institute
0	未受害 Unharmed
1	受害很轻 Victimization is very light
3	多数植株第1、第2叶变黄 The first and second leaves of most plants turn yellow
5	植株明显变黄和矮化,或有半数以上植株枯萎、死亡 Plants become noticeably yellow and dwarfed, or more than half of the plants wither and die
7	半数以上植株枯萎死亡,其余植株严重矮化,濒于死亡 More than half of the plants withered and died, and the remaining plants were severely dwarfed and were near death
9	所有植株死亡 All plants die

图1 外源海藻糖对水稻生理生化特性的影响 A．丙二醛;B. 超氧化物歧化酶;C. 过氧化物酶;D. 可溶性糖。数据表示为平均值±标准误。柱上标有不同字母表示在0.05水平上的显着差异（LSD法）。下图同。

Fig. 1 Effects of exogenous trehalose on physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice A. Malondialdehyde (MDA); B.Superoxide dismutase (SOD); C. Peroxidase (POD); D. Soluble sugar. Data are means±SE. Histograms with the different letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level by LSD test. The same below.

图2 褐飞虱取食后水稻的平均受害级别及植株功能损失指数（FPLI）测定 A. 水稻平均受害级;B. 植株功能损失指数（FPLI）。

Fig. 2 Average injury scale and plant function loss index of rice after fed by BPH A. Average injury scale; B. Functional plant loss index.

图3 褐飞虱在不同浓度海藻糖水稻上取食的EPG行为分析 NP：非刺探阶段的持续时间;N1：口针刺探次数;N2：口针在维管束移动的持续时间;N3：口针临近韧皮部细胞外移动的持续时间;N4：在韧皮部吸食汁液的持续时间;N5：吸食木质部汁液的持续时间。

Fig. 3 EPG analysis of BPH feeding behavior in rice treated with different concentrations of trehalose NP: The duration of non probing stage; N1: The number of probing; N2: The duration of trocar movement in vascular bundle; N3: The duration of phloem extracellular movement; N4: The duration of sucking sap in phloem; N5: The duration of sucking xylem sap.

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