应用昆虫学报

应用昆虫学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 973-979.doi: 10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.100

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

三叶虫萤的交配与产卵行为 *

陈申芝1(), 曹成全2,***(), 童超2, 徐丹阳2, 杨梦冰3, 叶超4   

  1. 1. 乐山师范学院继续教育学院,乐山 614004
    2. 乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山 614004
    3. 北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院,北京 100083
    4. 四川师范大学生命科学学院,成都 610000
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-09 接受日期:2019-11-13 出版日期:2020-07-27 发布日期:2020-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 曹成全 E-mail:1052326932@qq.com;chqcao1314@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    *都江堰精华灌区康养产业功能区萤火虫养殖技术服务(校地合作项目,项目编号：lhx191201);基于提高人工繁育效率的萤火虫防病液体饲料的研究(四川省教育厅一般项目,项目编号：17ZB0195)

Mating and oviposition of Emeia pseudosauteri (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Shen-Zhi CHEN1(), Cheng-Quan CAO2,***(), Chao TONG2, Dan-Yang XU2, Meng-Bing YANG3, Chao YE4   

  1. 1. College of Extended Education, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
    2. College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
    3. University of Science and Technology Beijing, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Haidian 100083, China
    4. College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
  • Received:2019-05-09 Accepted:2019-11-13 Online:2020-07-27 Published:2020-09-02
  • Contact: Cheng-Quan CAO E-mail:1052326932@qq.com;chqcao1314@163.com

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摘要：

【目的】 研究三叶虫萤Emeia pseudosauteri成虫的交配与产卵行为,丰富三叶虫萤的生物学研究,推动三叶虫萤的人工繁育。【方法】 采用室内试验与野外观察相结合、仪器拍摄和人工观察相结合的方法研究三叶虫萤的交配与产卵行为。【结果】 本文先描述了三叶虫萤成虫交配前雄雄相遇、雌雌相遇、雌雄相遇分别会发生的情况,然后较为详细地描述了交配的过程。交配姿势有上下体位（或称“∠”型）和尾对尾体位（或称“—”型）,后者由前者转换而来。雌雄成虫可以多次交配,雄虫有交配干扰和假交配现象。成虫24 h内均有交配现象,交配高峰出现在20:00-22:00（交配率20.8%）和12:00-14:00（交配率15.1%）。雌虫多数喜将卵产在潮湿的苔藓上,卵常聚集成一丛或成簇排列。雌虫可多次产卵,但初次产卵数量最多（高达67.82%）,随后产卵量则随产卵次数增加而减少。雌雄虫多次交配后单只雌虫的第一次产卵量[（45±5）粒]多于单次交配后单只雌虫第一次产卵量[（20±4）粒]。雌虫的产卵次数和产卵量与其体重相关,体重越重则其产卵次数和产卵量越多。【结论】 三叶虫萤的交配产卵行为与以往报道的萤火虫交配产卵行为很多相似之处,但也有一些特殊行为或规律。

关键词: 萤火虫, 三叶虫萤, 交配, 产卵

Abstract:

[Objectives] To describe the mating and oviposition behavior of Emeia pseudosauteri in order to further understanding of its biology and promote the artificial breeding of this species. [Methods] The mating and oviposition of E. pseudosauteri were studied in laboratory experiments and observed in the field. [Results] Male-male, female-female and male-male encounters before mating were documented and the mating process is described in detail. Mating positions were of the upper and lower position (or “∠” type) and the tail-to-tail position (or “-” type), the latter being derived from the former. Male and female adults could mate multiple times, with mating disruption and false mating common among males. The peaks of mating activity were from 20:00-22:00 with a mating rate of 20.8%, and from 12:00-14:00 with a mating rate of 15.1%. Females tended to lay eggs on wet moss, often clustered in bundles or lines. Females could lay repeatedly, but most eggs (up to 67.82%) were laid in the first egg mass produced, with successively fewer eggs being laid in subsequent egg masses. The number of eggs laid by a single female after multiple matings (up to 45) was higher than that after a single mating (up to 20 eggs). The quantity of eggs laid and the number of oviposition bouts were related to female weight, heavier females produced more egg masses and more eggs in each egg mass. [Conclusion] The mating and oviposition behavior of E. pseudosauteri has some species-specific characteristics but is otherwise similar to the behavior of other fireflies.

Key words: firefly, Emeia pseudosauteri, mating, oviposition