害虫生态调控的生态阈值及关键理论问题 *

doi:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

害虫种群可持续控制一直是农业生态学基础研究的关键问题之一,也是保障粮食安全的重要研究领域。如何以采用环境代价小、可持续性强及提质增效的生态技术进行害虫种群管理是近十年来国内外关注的热点问题,但一直缺乏完整具体可操作性的理论框架。本文以害虫生态调控为切入点,对生态阈值和生态效率进行了细致的论述,并尝试建立了生态阈值的技术指标。同时,本文对害虫生态调控中的关键理论问题进行了归纳,包括种群生态学模型、食物网结构、尺度效应以及生态能学等方面。最终本文对当前的研究进展做了展望,旨在促进害虫生态调控的进一步发展。

关键词: 害虫综合治理, 种群, 生物防治, 生态阈值, 生态系统

Abstract:

Sustainable pest management is one of the most important issues in agricultural ecology and is essential to food security. Consequently, the development of environmentally friendly, sustainable, and effective, strategies to manage pest populations has been a focus of research over the past decade. Research in this field has, however, been hindered by the absence of a theoretical framework for ecologically based pest management. In this paper, we discuss the ecological threshold and efficiency of ecologically based pest management, and construct a series of ecological indices for the ecological threshold. We also summarize several relevant theoretical issues, including the population model, food web structure, spatial scale and ecological energy. Finally, we discuss the future of pest control with the goal of promoting the theoretical development of ecologically based pest management.

Key words: IPM, population, biological control, ecological threshold, ecosystem

赵紫华, 高峰. 害虫生态调控的生态阈值及关键理论问题 ^*[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1): 20-27.

Zi-Hua ZHAO, Feng GAO. Ecologically based pest management: Key issues and ecological threshold[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2020, 57(1): 20-27.

图/表 3

图1 害虫密度与经济危害之间的关系

Fig. 1 The relationship between pest abundance and economic damage

图2 害虫种群生态调控的生态阈值技术框架图

Fig. 2 The ecological threshold of ecologically based pest management

图3 农业投入、产量增加与生态效率之间的关系

Fig. 3 The interaction among agricultural cost, production and efficiency

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